Estimate microstructure development from sintering shrinkage: A kinetic field approach

Rapid microwave sintering of centimetric zirconia: Scalability and electromagnetic‐thermal‐fluid‐dynamic simulation

“…In the graph on the right, we can see the sintering temperature range is 1000–1500°C with about 1250°C of sintering inflection point. It is interesting to compare this with conventional sintering of the same powder 57 at 3, 6, and 10 K/min where the sintering temperature is between 1000 and 1300°C. The microwave sintering temperatures are similar to those of conventional sintering while lower sintering values are often observed in microwave sintering 4,6,7 .…”

“…The results are reported in Figure 8. We obtained activation energy of 225 kJ/mol which is significantly lower than the 625 kJ/mol obtained by conventional sintering at the heating rates of 3, 6, and 10 K/min 57 . The specimen temperature gradients may disturb the sintering kinetics on such a big specimen for high heating rates.…”

“…We obtained activation energy of 225 kJ/mol which is significantly lower than the 625 kJ/mol obtained by conventional sintering at the heating rates of 3, 6, and 10 K/min. 57 The specimen temperature gradients may disturb the sintering kinetics on such a big specimen for high heating rates. Besides the latter issues which are still difficult to address experimentally, this result suggests that ultra-rapid microwave sintering has a very different sintering regime compared to conventional sintering.…”

Role of microstructure reactivity and surface diffusion in explaining flash (ultra-rapid) sintering kinetics

“…The latter is studied in the present article and reduces the densification kinetics by extending the diffusional distances and by reducing the capillarity forces at the necks. This aspect is often studied by coupling the densification model with grain growth [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Such model allows to predict the final stage reduction of the sintering kinetics and the sintering trajectory.…”

Modeling spark plasma sintering of zirconia with prediction of final stage high densification rate

“…With this information, the theoretical moduli can be adjusted by a linear regression equation and other parameters determined. This approach has been used for conventional sintering of zirconia [8], MgAl2O4 spinel [9] and requires less sintering tests than the full extensive approaches that identify both creep and moduli [10][11][12][13][14].…”