Esthesioneuroblastoma

Doing Great With DOTATATE

“…They demonstrate a similar enhancement pattern as CT 13 . ENB has a characteristic dumbbell shaped appearance when there is extension intracranially via the cribriform plate 17 . Also, the presence of intracranial peritumoral cysts are highly specific for ENB 19 .…”

“…A staging system based on the more familiar TNM classification system has been proposed but is not as commonly used because it does not provide superior prognostic differentiation compared to the modified Kadish system. 16,17 Thus, staging is dependent on the degree of local extension and which requires evaluation using a combination of diagnostic imaging with CT and MRI.…”

“…They demonstrate a similar enhancement pattern as CT. 13 ENB has a characteristic dumbbell shaped appearance when there is extension intracranially via the cribriform plate. 17 Also, the presence of intracranial peritumoral cysts are highly specific for ENB. 19 MRI is particularly important in distinguishing between tumor and trapped secretions which can have a similar appearance on CT, with the latter possessing greater hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images and no enhancement.…”

“…Subsequently, Morita et al 15 modified the Kadish system by changing stage C to include spread to the skull base, cribriform plate, intracranial cavity, and orbit, as well as added stage D for metastatic disease. A staging system based on the more familiar TNM classification system has been proposed but is not as commonly used because it does not provide superior prognostic differentiation compared to the modified Kadish system 16,17 . Thus, staging is dependent on the degree of local extension and which requires evaluation using a combination of diagnostic imaging with CT and MRI.…”

Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in infectious, neoplastic, and demyelinating diseases, as well as other inflammatory diseases: a pictorial essay

“…Smaller esthesioneuroblastomas will show local spread in the nose and sinuses, whereas larger ones may invade anterior the cranial fossa, brain, and dura mater. Imaging depicts a dumbbell-shaped mass with its narrow segment at the level of cribriform plate, causing local bone destruction (12) , as demonstrated in Figure 7 . The Kadish staging system classifies esthesioneuroblastomas as follows: stage A— limited to the nasal cavity; stage B—limited to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; and stage C—extending beyond the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including the skull base, intracranial compartment, and orbit, as well as distant metastases.…”