Esthesioneuroblastoma and Cervical Lymph Node Metastases: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications

Rinaldo, Alessandra; Ferlito, Alfio; Shaha, Ashok R.; Wei, William I.; Lund, Valerie J.

doi:10.1080/00016480252814261

Cited by 86 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Therefore, the vast majority of the recent studies support that neck metastases should be treated by neck dissection and radiotherapy: in the meta-analysis of Dulguerov et al survival data demonstrated that only 29% of initially N+ patients were treated successfully, compared with 64% of the N0 patients [17]. That is the reason why most centers advocate the treatment of N+ patients with neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is mainly due to the fact that neck metastases tend to occur quite lately in the course of the disease. Therefore, most surgeons prefer to deal with cervical lymph-node metastatic disease by the time it is clinically documented [26,28,29]. In our case, the neck was clinically N0, so we decided not to proceed to an elective neck dissection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gore et al [28] state that 62% of cervical metastases occur 6 or more months after primary treatment. Moreover, the presence of such metastases is usually related to the development of distant metastases and poor prognosis, in general [26,28]. Therefore, the vast majority of the recent studies support that neck metastases should be treated by neck dissection and radiotherapy: in the meta-analysis of Dulguerov et al survival data demonstrated that only 29% of initially N+ patients were treated successfully, compared with 64% of the N0 patients [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in several different reviews and metaanalyses of the largest and most recent series the overall rate of synchronous and metachronous cervical metastases is reported to be between 20.2% and 23.4% [26][27][28][29]. Gore et al [28] state that 62% of cervical metastases occur 6 or more months after primary treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is quite commonly accepted that neck metastases do not develop for as long as 2 years or more in the majority of the esthesioneuroblastomas [5,26,27]: according to Dulguerov et al neck metastases are found, by the time of presentation, in only 5% of patients [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory Neuroblastoma Treated by Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Resection and Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Representative Case and an Updated Review of the Literature

Papacharalampous¹,

Kotsis²,

Vlastarakos³

et al. 2012

JCT

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This paper presents a case of an olfactory neuroblastoma, treated with minimally invasive endoscopic resection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and critically reviews the current literature with regard to diagnosis and management of such malignancies. Olfactory neuroblastoma is considered to be an uncommon malignancy of the nasal cavity. The tumor arises from the specialized sensory epithelial olfactory cells, normally situated at the upper part of the nasal cavity, including the superior nasal concha, the roof of the nose and the cribriform plate. The imaging modality of choice is computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Combination of surgery and radiotherapy is considered to be the standard of care for primary site disease by the majority of researchers. Combined transfacial and neurosurgical conventional approaches are adopted in most cases, mainly due to the endocranial extension and the close anatomic relationship of esthesioneuroblastomas with the ethmoid roof and cribriform plate. However, recent literature supports that endoscopic resection correlates with similar oncologic control rates, compared with open surgery, when basic oncologic surgical principles are maintained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory Neuroblastoma Treated by Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Resection and Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Representative Case and an Updated Review of the Literature

Papacharalampous¹,

Kotsis²,

Vlastarakos³

et al. 2012

JCT

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Esthesioneuroblastoma

Loy¹,

Reibel²,

Read³

et al. 2006

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

148

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Patients: Fifty consecutive patients diagnosed as having esthesioneuroblastoma were treated with a standardized protocol during a 28-year period. Patients with tumors staged Kadish A or B received preoperative radiotherapy followed by craniofacial resection, while patients with Kadish stage C disease were treated with preoperative sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by a craniofacial resection. The mean follow-up is 93 months (range, 1-330 months). Results:The disease-free survival was 86.5% and 82.6% at 5 and 15 years, respectively. There were 17 patients (34%) who developed recurrent disease, most of which was locoregional (12 patients [71%]). There was a long interval to relapse (mean, 6 years), with the longest time to regional recurrence being 10 years. Distant relapses occurred sooner, with poorer outcomes. Of these 17 patients, 7 (41%) underwent successful salvage surgery, while 3 remain alive with disease.

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