Esterification of Organic Acid in Bio-Oil using Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalysts

Abstract

A dicationic ionic liquid C6(mim)2−HSO4 was synthesized and used as the catalyst for bio-oil upgrading through the esterificartion reaction of organic acids and ethanol at room temperature. The reaction system turned into two layers when the reaction was complete. No coke and deactivation on the catalyst were observed. The yield of upgraded oil was about 49%, and its properties were significantly improved. The higher heating value approached to 24.6 MJ/kg, the pH value increased from 2.9 to 5.1, and the moisture decreased from 29.8 to 8.2 wt %. The chemical composition of the upgraded bio-oil was analyzed with GC-MS. The results showed that organic acids were successfully converted into esters. Thus our data indicated that the dicationic ionic liquid was a promising catalyst for esterification to upgrade bio-oil.

Efficient and Selective Dehydration of Fructose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Catalyzed by Brønsted‐Acidic Ionic Liquids

“…[29][30][31] The detailed synthesis conditions are described in the experimental section. [ À is a white solid at room temperature.…”

Crystal structure of 1,1′-butanebis(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium)bis(hexafluorophosphate), C12H20F12N4P2

“…It was found that dinuclear alkaline ionic liquid bis-(3-methyl-1-imidazolium-)-ethlyene dihydroxide shows excellent catalytic efficiency, the highest conversion rate of cotton seed oil was up to 98.5%, and the stability of and separation effect of the catalyst was very ideal [8]. Recently, our group still focused on the preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquid [9,10] and reported a crystal structure of 1,1′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluorophosphate) [11]. In order to find the ionic liquid catalyst with better catalytic efficiency we were engaged in synthesising novel ionic liquid catalysts with imidazole.…”

Crystal structure of 1,1′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis(hexafluoro phosphate), C14H24F12N4P2

“…Recently, our group still focused on the preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquid [7]. In order to nd the ionic liquid catalysts with better catalytic e ciency, we were engaged in synthesising novel ionic liquid catalysts with imidazole.…”