Esterification of fatty acids with supercritical ethanol in a continuous tubular reactor

Santos, Paulo Ricardo Schizaki dos; Voll, Fernando Augusto Pedersen; Ramos, Luiz Pereira; Corazza, Marcos L.

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.03.002

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…MPO is mainly composed of FFA and esterification predominates in the reaction medium. As reported by Santos et al, (2017), this reaction occurs in a single homogeneous phase at 10 MPa with an FFA-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:1 to 30:1 from 220 to 280 °C.…”

Section: Effect Of Oil To Ethanol Mass Ratiosupporting

confidence: 68%

“…At the same temperature but with a pressure of 20 MPa, Abdala et al, (2014b) achieved ∼70% conversion of oleic acids to esters in only 10 min of reaction. Santos et al, (2017) obtained an esters content of ∼75% at 220 °C and 10 MPa with 80 min of reaction. Jesus et al, (2018) observed that the reaction between oleic acid and ethanol yielded ∼66% esters at 200 °C with a reaction time of 30 min and pressure of 15 MPa.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, other strategies need to be adopted for the synthesis of biodiesel using low quality raw materials, particularly when high concentrations of free fatty acids are present (Mardhiah et al, 2017). Reactions using alcohol under pressurized conditions have been widely investigated for biodiesel production (Visioli et al, 2016;Santos et al, 2017;Trentini et al, 2018). These are associated with the same energy cost as reactions conducted at low pressures using a basic homogeneous catalyst and generate a product with higher purity (Demirbas, 2002), eliminating the need for separation from the catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil and pressurized ethanol was investigated. The experiments were conducted without the addition of catalyst, at 20 MPa, to determine the effect of temperature (200 to 300 °C) and the oil to ethanol mass ratio (1:1 and 1:2) on the FAEE content and different residence times (10 to 45 min). The effect of the addition of n-hexane to the oil (20 wt%) as a co-solvent was also evaluated. The use of high temperatures (275 and 300 °C) resulted in high FAEE content (∼90%). Increasing the amount of ethanol in the reaction medium contributed to the formation of esters only at operating temperatures of 200 to 250 °C. It was also observed that with the addition of co-solvent (in the oil) it was possible to obtain high amounts of FAEE in a shorter reaction time. In addition, a low content of unreacted compounds (∼8.0%) and the conversion of ∼90 and 99% of the free fatty acids and triglycerides were observed, respectively.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Oil To Ethanol Mass Ratiosupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Soy esters present some benefits as safe to handle and store, low toxicity compared to other common substances. Vegetable oils, containing non-toxic and ecofriendly fatty acids, are successfully used by esterification and transesterification syntheses in biodiesel production [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], which is one of the main important biodegradable products [ 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Color properties of certain substances is often used in describing their properties, either organic or inorganic ones, as well as in food field [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the esterification processes in classical batch technology require much energy consumption, because of the necessity of high temperatures (up to 220–250 °C), long reaction time, and vigorously stirring. That is why researches are made to find new energy-saving technological methods [ 12 , 13 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach of Bioesters Synthesis through Different Technologies by Highlighting the Lowest Energetic Consumption One

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fatty acids esters have a wide application as bioplasticizers and biolubricants in different industries, obtained mainly in classic batch reactors, through an equilibrium complex reaction, that involves high temperatures, long reaction times, vigorously stirring, and much energy consumption. To overcome these shortcomings, we synthesized a series of fatty acid esters (soybean oil fatty acids being the acid components with various hydroxyl compounds) through novel low energy consumption technologies using a bubble column reactor, a microwave field reactor and for comparison meaning, a classic batch reactor. The obtained bioesters physicochemical properties were similar to one another, a good concordance among their rheological properties was obtained, but the energetic consumption is lower when using the bubble column or the microwave reactors instead of the classical batch reactor.

show abstract

Biodiesel Production by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Eco‐friendly Routes

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel is produced on a large scale as an ecofriendly substitute and additive to fossil fuels. Catalytic homogeneous processes using strong acids, alkalis, and natural oils have been realized in industry. However, these traditional methods have several disadvantages, such as the generation of large volumes of waste, high water and reagent needs, use of hazardous reagents, high operation costs, and utilization of valuable feedstocks and catalysis, respec-tively. Different solutions have subsequently been investigated, such as cheap alternative feedstocks, co-solvents and catalysts, sustainable operational conditions, advanced reactor designs and scales, and advantageous pre-and post-reaction treatments. This review explores and analyzes the main aspects of current biodiesel technologies and opportunities. It also describes some advanced improvement strategies.

show abstract

Esterification of fatty acids with supercritical ethanol in a continuous tubular reactor

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

A Novel Approach of Bioesters Synthesis through Different Technologies by Highlighting the Lowest Energetic Consumption One

Biodiesel Production by Heterogeneous Catalysis and Eco‐friendly Routes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About