Esterification of Fatty Acid over Tunisian Acid Activated Clay: Kinetic Study

Kinetics of ethylic esterification of lauric acid on acid activated montmorillonite (STx1-b) as catalyst

“…Therefore, several studies involving the use of heterogeneous catalysis have been presented in the literature, which it has been used in the different esterification reactions, such as ion exchange resins [11,19,[22][23][24][25][26], zeolites [27,28], different clay minerals [26,[29][30][31][32][33][34]12] and layered compounds [18,35,36].…”

“…Among the options of materials for heterogeneous acid catalysis, clay minerals represent a promising catalyst variety because of their low cost, thermal stability, reusability and mainly because their desirable catalytic properties such as high selectivity, high surface area, high pores dimension and presence of acid sites [32,37,38]. Furthermore, these properties can be improved by acid activation process, which involves treatment of the clay minerals with inorganic acids, leaching part of octahedral coordinated metals from the clay minerals layers, as well as eliminating acid soluble mineral impurities [38,39].…”

Acid Activated Montmorillonite as Catalysts in Methyl Esterification Reactions of Lauric Acid

“…have been proposed due to technical, environmental and economic reasons attached to their use. Heterogeneous catalysts are recyclable as long as not leachable and their use in esterification may facilitate the downstream processing of reaction co-products, reduce effluent generation, increase reaction yields and selectivity and, for these reasons, contribute to the economic viability of the production chain 6) . In this regard, clays are layered materials that have been tentatively used as heterogeneous catalysts, with or without modifications such as calcination and functionalization.…”

Preliminary Assessment of the Processing of High-Acidity Fatty Materials Using Solid Catalysts for the Obtainment of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

“…Montmorillonite K10 was selected as catalyst for esterification reactions, since activated clay minerals, in general, can be very interesting catalysts for esterification reactions, as reported by several authors (Kanda et al, 2017;Neji et al, 2011;Neji et al, 2009;Pires et al, 2013;Rezende et al, 2012;Santos et al, 2016;Zatta et al, 2012a;Zatta et al, 2012b;Zatta et al, 2011). Furthermore, reports in the literature about the use of this catalyst for the processing of highacidity oils are scarce.…”