Esterification of benzoic acid using Ti3AlC2 and SO42−/Ti3AlC2 ceramic as acid catalysts

Wu, Mingzhu; Guo, Junming; Li, Ying; Zhang, Yingjie

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.04.077

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Probably this could be the reason why azeotropes were not considered by a number of authors (Plazl, 1994;Pipus et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2005;Wu et al, 2013). Based on these observations, we have decided not to include azeotropes in this study.…”

Section: Vapour-liquid Equilibrium (Vle)mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, they achieved a conversion of BeZ into EtBZ of 90.20% with EtOH to BeZ feed molar ratio of 5. Recently, Wu et al (2013) prepared an acid catalyst of SO 4 2-over Ti 3 AlC 2 ceramic to examine the esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol but their study illustrated that the resulting catalyst exhibited only 80.40% conversion of benzoic acid under 120 0 C at the reaction time of 34 hr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethyl benzoate (EtBZ) is an organic ester and a colorless transparent liquid having a pleasant odor (described as fruity, wintergreen, medicinal, cherry, and grape) that is almost insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Ethyl benzoate is a vastly used as solvents of cellulose, heat resistant lubricants, plasticizers for synthetic resins, laboratory reagent, flavoring agent in various substances including API drug, rubbers, paper, food, and personal-cares and cosmetics (foot powders and sprays) (Li et al, 2008;and Wu et al, 2013). This can also be used in perfumery, and for the preparation of artificial flavors, and tobacco due to its low toxicity (Paul and Newman, 1978;Lewis, 2007;; and Lin and Pang, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Feasibility of integrated batch reactive distillation columns for the optimal synthesis of ethyl benzoate

Aqar

Rahmanian

Mujtaba

2017

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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Section: Vapour-liquid Equilibrium (Vle)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Feasibility of integrated batch reactive distillation columns for the optimal synthesis of ethyl benzoate

Aqar

Rahmanian

Mujtaba

2017

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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“…Wu et. al [20] Conversion of benzoic acid was obtained as 5% at 95°C, and 7, 9 and 11% of conversions of benzoic acid were achieved at temperature of 110, 120 and 130°C, respectively. Then benzoic acid esterification over SO 4 -2 / Ti 3 AlC 2 was studied at different temperatures and increase in temperature from 50°C to 120°C leads to conversion increase from 8% to 36% at the end of 12 hours.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Green Catalysts for the Esterification of Benzoic Acid with Different Alcohols

Sert¹,

Atalay²

2017

Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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In this study, three different catalysts were applied as catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol, butanol and hexanol. These catalysts are ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, ion exchange resin. Amberlyst 15, ion exchange resin, was used as control catalyst to observe the catalytic activity of new generation solvent, deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvents show the similar properties with ionic liquids and have great attraction due to ease of preparation, low cost and environmentally friendly nature. They have many advantages such as reusability, stability, catalytically activity and removal of the reaction mixture. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are composed hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). It has lower freezing point than that of individual constituents. In this study, p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) was used as HBD, benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride (BTEAC) was used as HBA. DES formed by p-TSA and BTEAC was used as dual solventcatalyst for esterification of benzoic acid with different alcohols. DES gave high catalytic activity among three different catalysts, 88.3, 87.8 and 67.5% conversion of benzoic acid for ethanol, butanol and hexanol, respectively. The effects of time, temperature, alcohol type and catalyst type were investigated in a batch reactor at specified conditions. It was found that DES provided the simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzoic acid ester.

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“…These weak bonding could easily be broken in chemical reactions (for instance, Ti 3 AlC 2 + 3HF = AlF 3 + 3/2H 2 + Ti 3 C 2 ) leaving a 2D hexagonal MX known as monolayer MXene [30,31]. The 3D Tin + 1AXn ceramics have interesting physical properties such as low density, high melting point and rust resistance [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cr impurity effect on the optical properties of the Ti2N graphene-like materials: a DFT study

2019

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The electronic and optical behaviors of the Ti 2 N graphene-like (GL) materials under the Cr impurity have been investigated based on DFT framework. The band structure and density of state (DOS) diagrams indicated that Ti 2 N:Cr GL has the magnetic metallic behavior about 3.2μ B . The density levels around the Fermi level in the band structure and the continuous DOS of under-Fermi to upper refer to the metallic nature of this compound. Adding Cr impurity has increased the metallic behavior so that the real and imaginary parts of dielectric functions have the red shift and their static values shifted to an infinite amount. Also, other optical parameters such as refraction, extinction and Eloss have been studied from the dielectric functions.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Esterification of benzoic acid using Ti3AlC2 and SO42−/Ti3AlC2 ceramic as acid catalysts

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Feasibility of integrated batch reactive distillation columns for the optimal synthesis of ethyl benzoate

Feasibility of integrated batch reactive distillation columns for the optimal synthesis of ethyl benzoate

Application of Green Catalysts for the Esterification of Benzoic Acid with Different Alcohols

The Cr impurity effect on the optical properties of the Ti2N graphene-like materials: a DFT study

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