Esterification in dry Media Using Ferric Perchlorate Adsorbed on Silica Gel

Manganese(III) bis(2-hydroxyanil)acetylacetonato complex as effective catalyst for acylation of alcohols, amines and phenols with acetic anhydride

“…Recently, Vedejs and co-workers reported tributylphosphine to be a similar catalyst for the acylation of alcohols [4]. In addition to the above catalysts, toluenep-sulfonicacid [5], zinc chloride [6], cobalt chloride [7], scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate [8], tantal pentachloride [9], copper(II) triflate [10], Me 3 SiOTF [11], scandium triflate [8,12], indium(III) triflate [13], bismuth(III) triflate [14], lithium perchlorate [15], yttria-zirconica based Lewis acid [16], indium triiodide [17], montmorillonite K-10 and KSF [18], magnesium bromide [19], bismuth(III) salts [20], ferric perchlorate adsorbed on silica-gel [21], tin(IV) tyetraphenylporphyrin perchlorate [22] [24] are also known to catalyse the acylation of alcohols and amines with acid anhydrides. Nevertheless, there is still a great demand for acid catalysts to generate esters under mild conditions and environmentally friendly processes.…”

Hydrated ferric perchlorate, Fe(ClO4)3.XH2O in organic synthesis. A short review

“…This reagent has been found effective for the rapid and high yielding synthesis of esters, on grinding in the presence of carboxylic acids using pestle and mortar in the solid state [36].…”

Zirconyl triflate: A new, highly efficient and reusable catalyst for acetylation and benzoylation of alcohols, phenols, amines and thiols with acetic and benzoic anhydrides

“…Benzoylation of phenols with benzoic anhydride was also carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZrO(OTf) 2 (0.5 mol%) at 50 °C and the corresponding benzoates were obtained in excellent yields ( Table 2, entries [15][16][17][18][19].…”

“…In this manner the acetylation of different amines with acetic anhydride was carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZrO(OTf) 2 (1 mol%) at room temperature and the corresponding acetamides were obtained in excellent yields ( Table 3, entries 1-12). Benzoylation of amines with benzoic anhydride was also performed at 50 °C in the presence of 2 mol% of ZrO(OTf) 2 and the corresponding benzamides were produced in excellent yields (Table 3, entries [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…E-mail: moghadamm@sci.ui.ac.ir TaCl 5 [11], TMSOTf [12], [Cu(OTf) 2 ] [13], [In(OTf) 3 ] [14], magnesium bromide [15], bismuth(III) salts [16], ferric perchlorate adsorbed on silica-gel [17], RuCl 3 [18], InCl 3 [19], Ce(OTf) 3 [20], Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 [21], ZrCl 4 [22], Cp 2 ZrCl 2 [23], ZrOCl 2 .8H 2 O [24], Al(OTf) 3 [25], NaHSO 4 ·SiO 2 [26], La(NO 3 ) 3 .6H 2 O [27], NbCl 5 [28], Gd(OTf) 3 [29], Alumina supported MoO 3 [30] cerium polyoxometalate [31] Ce(OTf) 4 [32], (SiO 2 ) n -PCl 3-n [33], copper salts [34,35], AlPW 12 O 40 [36,37] and electron-deficient tin(IV) porphyrins [38][39][40]. However, some of the reported methods for the acetylation of alcohols suffer from one or more of the following disadvantages such as high temperature and drastic reaction conditions, formation of undesirable or toxic by-products, expensive reagents, hygroscopicity and thermal instability of the reagents, long reaction times, low yields of the desired products and bulk requirement of solid bed.…”