Esterification and Selective Esterification in the Presence of TiCl4

Shang, Yongjia; Li, J; Zhang, P; Song, Zhanqian; Li, Y; Huang, Hui

doi:10.1016/s1005-9040(07)60145-7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Ti cations are known to be an active Lewis acid that can catalyze esterification reactions. Thus, we tested if methyl formate could be synthesized chemically in the presence of titanium(IV) methoxide (Ti(OCH 3 ) 4 ) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ), which has been used for some esterification reactions. , 0.1 M Ti(OCH 3 ) 4 and 0.1 M TiCl 4 were added to different solutions of 0.1 M sodium formate (NaHCOO) in methanol, then the resulting solutions were analyzed with proton NMR. When TiCl 4 was added, only 8.1% of HCOO – conversion to methyl formate was observed, whereas no conversion to methyl formate was observed when Ti(OCH 3 ) 4 was added.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO₂

et al. 2022

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Electro-oxidation of neutral substrates to produce cationic species, such as protons or metal cations to serve as Bronsted acids or Lewis acids, can potentially be coupled with the CO 2 reduction reaction at the cathode. In particular, coupling the electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction with the anodic generation of a Lewis acid can be a new approach to synthesizing new products from CO 2 while avoiding a high proton environment. In this study, we explored the coupling of the anodic Lewis acid generation by the dissolution of a titanium anode and the cathodic production of formate from CO 2 in a methanol electrolyte. As a result, we observed methyl formate as a CO 2 conversion product with the highest faradaic efficiency of 69% under ambient conditions. Interestingly, methyl formate was observed only when NaBF 4 was used in an undivided electrochemical cell, whereas only formic acid/formate was produced when sodium salts of other anion counterparts were utilized. We have shown that the anodic generation of Ti 4+ cations surrounded by less coordinating anions led to fluoride abstraction from BF 4 − anions. This resulted in BF 3 , the active Lewis acid in the esterification reaction of formate and methanol, producing methyl formate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO₂

et al. 2022

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“…Of the indirect methods, several researches on the polymerization kinetics of propylene oxide have been reported in the past two decades. But many assumptions must be made in order to relate physical property to extent of reaction, and chain-transfer process cannot be studied by those methods [15][16][17]. Of the direct methods, there are many advantages in spectroscopic techniques, which can measure extent of reaction directly, monitor fast reactions and monitor several chemical changes at once.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization on Propylene Oxide Polymerization with <i>In Situ</i> FT-IR

Yang

2010

AMR

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In-situ FT-IR technique is used to investigate the polymerization of propylene oxide with potassium t-butoxide as initiator. The epoxy absorbance at 828 cm-1 is the most useful peaks to monitor the reaction. The absorbance of C-O-C stretching vibration at 1107 cm-1 is very strong and also very useful. Yet, the absorbance of C-H stretching vibration in 3000~2800 cm-1 region is very weak and not reliable for In-situ FT-IR analysis. By monitoring the consumption of propylene oxide, the polymerization rate constant k at 33°C was calculated out and an interesting auto acceleration phenomenon was discovered. Moreover, the chain-transfer process was analyzed by measuring the formation of C=C double bonds, which clarified a former confusion about the course of propylene oxide rearrangement.

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Selective hydrogenation of trans-cinnamaldehyde and hydrogenolysis-free hydrogenation of benzyl cinnamate in imidazolium ILs

2009

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Esterification and Selective Esterification in the Presence of TiCl4

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO₂

Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO₂

Characterization on Propylene Oxide Polymerization with <i>In Situ</i> FT-IR

Selective hydrogenation of trans-cinnamaldehyde and hydrogenolysis-free hydrogenation of benzyl cinnamate in imidazolium ILs

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Esterification and Selective Esterification in the Presence of TiCl4

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO2

Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO2

Characterization on Propylene Oxide Polymerization with <i>In Situ</i> FT-IR

Selective hydrogenation of trans-cinnamaldehyde and hydrogenolysis-free hydrogenation of benzyl cinnamate in imidazolium ILs

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Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO₂

Anodic Generation of Lewis Acid for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Methyl Formate from CO₂