Esterase variation in the periwinkle Littorina littorea, along the western and eastern Scheldt estuarium

Wolf, Hans; Jordaens, Kurt; Reusens, E.; Blust, Ronny; Backeljau, Thierry

doi:10.1016/s0141-1136(01)00091-5

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, the Schelde estuary is heavily polluted while the level of pollution decreases towards the offshore areas; the water flowing through the English Channel towards the Southern Bight represents relatively clean Atlantic water. De Wolf et al (2001) reported allozymatic differences at the esterase locus between samples of Littorina littorea in the Schelde estuary and adjacent areas, and suggested either salinity or anthropogenic effects as agents responsible for the differentiation. A number of studies have revealed differential mortality of distinct genotypes when exposed to heavy metals, suggesting they could be useful markers for assessing levels of pollution (BenShlomo and Nevo, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale clinal variation, genetic diversity and environmental heterogeneity in the marine gobies Pomatoschistus minutus and P. lozanoi (Gobiidae, Teleostei)

2004

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Genetic variation was assayed at 14 allozyme loci in estuarine, coastal and offshore samples of lozano's goby, Pomatoschistus lozanoi and the sand goby, P. minutus. Samples were taken from locations on the Belgian Continental Shelf and in the Schelde estuary with a range of environmental heterogeneity. We evaluate whether any differences in (1) the degree of genetic variation and (2) allele frequencies at the various loci exist within samples occurring in various habitats on the BCS and in the Schelde estuary. No significant differences in levels of genetic diversity were recorded between estuarine, coastal and offshore samples in either species. A temporally stable clinal gradient in allele frequencies at the two-allele locus GPI-A* was observed in P. lozanoi, differentiating the samples in an estuarine, coastal and offshore group. We suggest that these differences might be maintained by balancing selection at locus GPI-A*.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale clinal variation, genetic diversity and environmental heterogeneity in the marine gobies Pomatoschistus minutus and P. lozanoi (Gobiidae, Teleostei)

2004

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“…In this context, the knowledge of PFOS tissue burdens and distribution in wildlife species in the North Sea and the Western Scheldt are of major interest considering the high ecological value of the Western Scheldt as a nursery [4][5][6][7] and the reported biologically relevant effects on wildlife as a result of pollution [8][9][10]. Furthermore, it is known that the Belgian part of the North Sea is under the continuous threat of anthropogenic pollutants such as heavy metals [11] and polychlorinated biphenyls [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in bib (Trisopterus luscus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from the Western Scheldt and the Belgian North Sea: Distribution and biochemical effects

Hoff¹,

Vijver²,

Dongen

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A biomonitoring campaign was conducted in the Belgian North Sea and in the Western Scheldt (The Netherlands) with the primary goal to assess perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contamination and distribution in different biota. This study covers the results obtained for bib (Trisopterus luscus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and includes the assessment of some stress-related biochemical endpoints. Analysis of liver and muscle PFOS concentrations of both species provided evidence for the existence of a PFOS pollution gradient along the Western Scheldt with higher levels at the upstream locations and a lower degree of PFOS pollution at the marine locations. Cellular necrosis was studied by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the serum. Serum ALT but not serum AST was shown to correlate positively with the PFOS liver concentration in bib (r = 0.44, p < 0.05), indicating that PFOS might contribute to the induction of hepatic damage in bib in the area of study. Analysis of total carbohydrate, lipid, and protein content of bib liver tissue revealed a positive correlation between the protein content and the PFOS liver concentration (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). Whether this is due to induction of compensatory mechanisms, detoxification, or repair processes remains unclear.

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“…Nonetheless, until recently, traditional ecotoxicology has concentrated on obtaining a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the bioavailability of single compounds and their toxic effects on organisms. Today, most studies still focus on the impact of pure chemicals on the different levels of biological organization [1], sometimes taking into account the presence of factors modulating bioavailability [2–6], or they assess the impact of the whole environmental exposure without examining the activity of the individual compounds [7]. The former approach clearly adds to our understanding about the environmental impact of pollution, but it is not able to fully resolve the invariable complexity of environmental exposure, in which a multitude of physicochemical factors act together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixture toxicity and gene inductions: Can we predict the outcome?

Dardenne

Nobels

Coen

et al. 2008

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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As a consequence of the nature of most real-life exposure scenarios, the last decade of ecotoxicological research has seen increasing interest in the assessment of mixture ecotoxicology. Often, mixtures are considered to follow one of two models, concentration addition (CA) or response addition (RA), both of which have been described in the literature. Nevertheless, mixtures that deviate from either or both models exist; they typically exhibit phenomena like synergism, ratio or concentration dependency, or inhibition. Moreover, both CA and RA have been challenged and evaluated mainly for acute responses at relatively high levels of biological organization (e.g., whole-organism mortality), and applicability to genetic responses has not received much attention. Genetic responses are considered to be the primary reaction in case of toxicant exposure and carry valuable mechanistic information. Effects at the gene-expression level are at the heart of the mode of action by toxicants and mixtures. The ability to predict mixture responses at this primary response level is an important asset in predicting and understanding mixture effects at different levels of biological organization. The present study evaluated the applicability of mixture models to stress gene inductions in Escherichia coli employing model toxicants with known modes of action in binary combinations. The results showed that even if the maximum of the dose-response curve is not known, making a classical ECx (concentration causing x% effect) approach impossible, mixture models can predict responses to the binary mixtures based on the single-toxicant response curves. In most cases, the mode of action of the toxicants does not determine the optimal choice of model (i.e., CA, RA, or a deviation thereof).

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Esterase variation in the periwinkle Littorina littorea, along the western and eastern Scheldt estuarium

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Small-scale clinal variation, genetic diversity and environmental heterogeneity in the marine gobies Pomatoschistus minutus and P. lozanoi (Gobiidae, Teleostei)

Small-scale clinal variation, genetic diversity and environmental heterogeneity in the marine gobies Pomatoschistus minutus and P. lozanoi (Gobiidae, Teleostei)

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in bib (Trisopterus luscus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from the Western Scheldt and the Belgian North Sea: Distribution and biochemical effects

Mixture toxicity and gene inductions: Can we predict the outcome?

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