Esterase mediated resistance in deltamethrin resistant reference tick colony of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Gupta, S. C.; Kumar, Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Nagar, Gaurav; Kumar, Sachin; Saravanan, B. C.; Gandham, Ravikumar; Ghosh, Srikant

doi:10.1007/s10493-016-0032-7

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Chlorpyrifos‐treated ticks, on the other hand, showed a significant decrease in GSH, an increase in MDA and a significant inhibition in AchE. Gupta et al (2016) reported an inhibition in AchE in R. microplus ticks treated with deltamethrin, and they ascribed the ticks' resistance to deltamethrin to this inhibition. AchE is also suppressed in the chlorpyrifos‐treated ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the acaricidal activity of benzyl alcohol on Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its synergistic or antagonistic interaction with commonly used acaricides

Aboelhadid,

Ibrahium,

Abdel‐Baki

et al. 2023

Medical Vet Entomology

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The most economically significant ectoparasites in the tropics and subtropics are ixodid ticks, especially Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Years of extensive use of the readily available acaricides have resulted in widespread resistance development in these ticks, as well as negative environmental consequences. Benzyl alcohol (BA) has been frequently used to treat pediculosis and scabies, and it may be an effective alternative to commonly used acaricides. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the acaricide activity of BA and its combination with the regularly used chemical acaricides against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus. Different concentrations of BA alone and in combination with deltamethrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were tested in vitro against adult and larvae of both tick species. The results showed that BA is toxic to R. annulatus and R. sanguineus larvae, with 100% larval mortality at concentrations of ≥50 mL/L, and LC50 and LC90 attained the concentrations of 19.8 and 33.8 mL/L for R. annulatus and 18.8 and 31.8 mL/L for R. sanguineus, respectively. Furthermore, BA in combination with deltamethrin, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos exhibited synergistic factors of 2.48, 1.26 and 1.68 against R. annulatus larvae and 1.64, 11.1 and 1.14 against R. sanguineus larvae for deltamethrin + BA, cypermethrin + BA and chlorpyrifos + BA, respectively. BA induced 100% mortality in adult R. annulatus at concentrations of ≥250 mL/L with LC50 and LC90 reached the concentrations of 111 and 154 mL/L, respectively. Additionally, BA had ovicidal activity causing complete inhibition of larval hatching at 100 mL/L. The combination of BA with deltamethrin and cypermethrin increased acetylcholinesterase inhibition, whereas the combination of BA with chlorpyrifos decreased glutathione (GSH) activity and malondialdehyde levels. In the field application, the combination of BA 50 mL/L and deltamethrin (DBA) resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of ticks by 30.9% 28 days post‐treatment when compared with groups treated with deltamethrin alone. In conclusion, BA causes mortality in laboratory and field studies alone and in combination with cypermethrin or deltamethrin. BA can be used for control of ticks of different life stages, that is, eggs and larvae, through application to the ground.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the acaricidal activity of benzyl alcohol on Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its synergistic or antagonistic interaction with commonly used acaricides

Aboelhadid,

Ibrahium,

Abdel‐Baki

et al. 2023

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…It also exhibits anticholinesterase activity [26,27]. Current research on AchE in ticks mainly focuses on resistance to commercial insecticides and essential oils derived from plants [28,29,30,31]. Our study identi ed four AchEs in one tick species and demonstrated that HL-AchEs were signi cantly in uenced by cinnamaldehyde stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Tick acetylcholinesterases mediate the repellent effect of cinnamaldehyde, a primary compound found in cinnamon oil

kuang,

Cao,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The control and prevention of ticks and tick-borne diseases relies on chemical insecticides and repellents. Plant-derived compounds potentially represent new and safer repellents. Cinnamaldehyde, a component of cinnamon oil, exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, acaricidal and repellent activity against ticks. Here we studied the molecular mechanism of the repellent effects of cinnamaldehyde on ticks. Methods Assessment of cinnamaldehyde as a tick repellent was conducted using a Y-tube olfactometer, transcriptomics and metabolomic analyses. Nymphs were exposed to cinnamaldehyde for 30 min, and the tick acetylcholinesterase (AchE) family was cloned and characterized. The role of AchE in cinnamaldehyde repellency was elucidated through the specific activity of the enzyme, electrophysiology, RNA interference and repellency tests. Results A 2% cinnamaldehyde treatment resulted in more than 90% nymph repellency within 6 h. Nymphs were exposed to cinnamaldehyde for 30 min, and subsequent transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the involvement of AchE in the response process. The HL-AchE family was cloned and functionally explored. AchE was transcribed in all tick developmental stages and tissues. Following cinnamaldehyde treatment, the transcript and protein levels of AchE were altered, and the specific activity of the enzyme significantly increased. RNAi was used to validate these findings. Following RNAi, electroantennography (EAG) tests demonstrated a significant decrease in response to various repellents as well as a significant decrease in repellency. Conclusions AchE mediates cinnamaldehyde-induced tick repellency, and the results provide insights into the mechanism of plant-derived tick repellents.

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“…Furthermore, overexpression of esterases and Glutathione S-transferases is associated with metabolic detoxification of pesticides (Bellgard et al, 2012). In ticks, these enzymes have been implicated in resistance through the metabolic detoxification mechanism (Bellgard et al, 2012;Nandi et al, 2015;Ghosh et al, 2015;Gupta et al, 2016;Ghosh et al, 2017;Chigure et al, 2018;Fular et al, 2018). Regarding esterases, CaE catalyze the hydrolysis of esters and are classified in the serine hydrolase superfamily, involved in detoxification and playing an important physiological role in lipid metabolism (Ran et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ixodicidal effect of extracts from Cordia boissieri, Artemisia ludoviciana and Litchi chinensis on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

et al. 2024

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The ixodicidal activity of the methanolic extracts of Artemisia ludoviciana (Astereceae), Cordia boissieri (Boraginaceae) and Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) against two field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from the state of Nuevo Leon (NL) and Veracruz (VER) was evaluated. The extract of L. chinensis in the concentration of 150 mg/ml showed efficacies of 100% and 99% against engorged females and mortalities of 98% and 99% against larvae. C. boissieri in the same concentration showed efficacies of 71% and 37% against engorged adults and mortalities of 33.04% and 10.33% against larvae and A. ludoviciana had efficacies of 94% and 83% in adults and mortalities of 89.39% and 89.21% against larvae in both populations respectively. The enzymatic activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Carboxylesterase (CaE), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was measured in both populations of ticks. As a result, a significant difference between both populations was shown, being the VER population the one that exhibited a higher enzymatic activity (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that the methanolic extract of the seed of L. chinensis shows potential ixodicidal activity and can be used as an alternative source of tick control, however, prior characterization, toxicity and formulation studies are necessary.

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Esterase mediated resistance in deltamethrin resistant reference tick colony of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

An investigation of the acaricidal activity of benzyl alcohol on Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its synergistic or antagonistic interaction with commonly used acaricides

An investigation of the acaricidal activity of benzyl alcohol on Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its synergistic or antagonistic interaction with commonly used acaricides

Tick acetylcholinesterases mediate the repellent effect of cinnamaldehyde, a primary compound found in cinnamon oil

Ixodicidal effect of extracts from Cordia boissieri, Artemisia ludoviciana and Litchi chinensis on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

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