Esterase enzymes involved in pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in a Brazilian population of Riphicephallus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari, Ixodidae)

Baffi, Milla Alves; Souza, Guilhermle Rocha Lino de; Sousa, Cristina; Ceron, Carlos Roberto; Bonetti, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2008.03.009

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The higher prevalence of this species in Mbeya is of great interest because it is known to be a good vector of highly pathogenic Babesia bovis (Bock et al, 2004). In addition, this species in terms of control management is well-known to be resistant to numerous pyrethroid and organophosphate compounds (Baffi et al, 2008). Furthermore, R. decoloratus and R. microplus have great veterinary significance as they are important vectors of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis, which cause a disease called bovine babesiosis (De Waal, 2000;Jongejan and Uilenberg, 2004;Kocan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming systems in Tanzania

Kerario¹,

Muleya²,

Chenyambuga³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Ticks and tick-borne diseases are serious constraints to livestock production in Tanzania and other sub-Saharan African countries. Despite this, knowledge on the abundan ce of tick species infesting cattle in most parts of Tanzania is insufficient or lacking. This study was conducted to identify species and establish the abundance of ticks infesting cattle in Mara, Singida and Mbeya regions of Tanzania. The ticks were collected from one side of the body, counted and identified, based on morphological characteristics; to species level. The mean tick count per animal was significantly higher in Mara (35.8±4.3, p=0.0001) as compared to Singida (12.9±2.1) and Mbeya (7.0±0.4) regions. Young animals in Mara (24.7±6.0, p=0.0395) and Mbeya (5.4±0.3, p=0.0252) exhibited relatively lower mean tick counts compared to the weaners (Mara = 33.8±6.5, Mbeya = 7.2±0.7) and adult animals (Mara = 46.3±8.4, Mbeya = 7.8±0.7). Seven tick species from three different genera, namely Ambylomma, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus (including the subgenus Boophilus), were identified. However, only five species (A. lepidum, A. variegatum, R. decoloratus, R. microplus and H. rufipes) were observed in all the three regions. R. appendiculatus and R. evertsi were not found in Mbeya and Mara respectively. The most prevalent species in Mara, Singida and Mbeya were R. appendiculatus (50.5%), A. lepidum (31.2%) and R. evertsi (35.6%), respectively. This study showed the existence of a variety of tick species, most of them being of veterinary importance. Therefore, strategic planning and cost-effective tick control measures should be implemented in order to reduce losses caused by ticks and tick borne diseases in the study area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming systems in Tanzania

Kerario¹,

Muleya²,

Chenyambuga³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…However, Coatzacoalcos overproduced a specific esterase, designated CzEst9, that hydrolyzed permethrin (JAMROZ et al, 2000;PRUETT et al, 2002). Baffi et al (2007Baffi et al ( , 2008 later reported this esterase played a major role in pyrethroid resistant R. (B.)…”

Section: Pyrethroid Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…microplus. In fact, more than one acetylcholinesterase might be involved in acaricide responses (BAFFI et al, 2008;TEMEYER et al, 2010). Seven contigs with significant sequence similarity to acetylcholinesterase were reported in the most recent R.…”

Section: Organophosphate Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Acaricide resistance mechanisms in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Guerrero

Lovis

Martins

2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

192

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Acaricide resistance has become widespread in countries where cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, are a problem. Resistance arises through genetic changes in a cattle tick population that causes modifications to the target site, increased metabolism or sequestration of the acaricide, or reduced ability of the acaricide to penetrate through the outer protective layers of the tick's body. We review the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of acaricide resistance that have been shown to be functional in R. (B.) microplus. From a mechanistic point of view, resistance to pyrethroids has been characterized to a greater degree than any other acaricide class. Although a great deal of research has gone into discovery of the mechanisms that cause organophosphate resistance, very little is defined at the molecular level and organophosphate resistance seems to be maintained through a complex and multifactorial process. The resistance mechanisms for other acaricides are less well understood. The target sites of fipronil and the macrocyclic lactones are known and resistance mechanism studies are in the early stages. The target site of amitraz has not been definitively identified and this is hampering mechanistic studies on this acaricide.Keywords: Cattle tick, resistance mechanisms, target site mutation, metabolism. ResumoA resistência aos acaricidas tornou-se amplamente difundida nos países onde os carrapatos bovinos, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, são um problema. A resistência surge por meio de alterações genéticas em uma população de carrapatos que causam modificações no local de ação, aumento do metabolismo ou sequestro do acaricida, ou ainda redução na capacidade do acaricida em penetrar através das camadas protetoras do corpo do carrapato. Neste artigo, foram revisados os mecanismos moleculares e bioquímicos da resistência aos acaricidas que ocorrem em R. (B.) microplus. A partir de um ponto de vista dos mecanismos envolvidos, a resistência aos piretróides tem sido caracterizada em maior grau do que em qualquer outra classe de acaricida. Embora uma grande quantidade de pesquisas têm sido direcionada para a descoberta de mecanismos que causam resistência aos organofosforados, muito pouco é conhecido ao nível molecular, e essa resistência parece ser mantida por intermédio de um processo multifatorial e complexo. Os mecanismos de resistência para os demais acaricidas são bem menos compreendidos. Os alvos de ação do fipronil e das lactonas macrocíclicas são conhecidos, e os estudos dos mecanismos de ação envolvidos estão ainda em estágios iniciais. O alvo de ação do amitraz ainda não foi definitivamente identificado, e isso é limitante aos estudos dos mecanismos envolvidos na resistência a esse acaricida.Palavras-chave: Carrapato bovino, mecanismos de resistência, mutação no local de ação, metabolismo.

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“…Inappropriate, uncontrolled use of many chemical products has led to the selection of resistant genotypes in many populations of R. microplus worldwide (Baffi et al, 2008, Beugnet et al, 1994, and could lie at the basis of the failure to free cattle for export of R. microplus. In addition, tick control in more susceptible and productive exotic or improved cattle-breeds of livestock is cumbersome as Bos taurus cattle are much more susceptible to ticks and therefore require intensive and expensive chemical tick control compared to Bos indicus cattle (Jongejan and Uilenberg, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New foci of Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa

Madder

Adehan²,

Deken

et al. 2012

Exp Appl Acarol

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The invasive character of Rhipicephalus microplus was observed in Benin, the second West-African country from which this tick species has been collected after the initial confirmed record in Ivory Coast in 2007. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Mono to examine the presence of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The survey covered 9 herds (villages) in an agro-ecological zone inhabited by agro-pastoralists, including the State Farm of Kpinnou that imported Girolando cattle from Brazil. Almost 800 ticks were sampled from 36 cattle, on average four cattle per village.The morphological identification revealed ticks of two different genera: Rhipicephalus spp. and Amblyomma spp. Within the genus Rhipicephalus, R. microplus was the only representative of the species previously known as Boophilus or blue ticks. Its taxonomic identity was confirmed molecularly by PCR-RFLP.A comparison was made with the situation of R. microplus in Brazil.

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Esterase enzymes involved in pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in a Brazilian population of Riphicephallus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari, Ixodidae)

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming systems in Tanzania

Abundance and distribution of Ixodid tick species infesting cattle reared under traditional farming systems in Tanzania

Acaricide resistance mechanisms in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

New foci of Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa

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