“Ester”—A new ring-shear-apparatus for hydrate-bearing sediments

Spangenberg, Erik; Heeschen, Katja; Giese, Ronny; Schicks, Judith M.

doi:10.1063/1.5138696

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In addition, Stern et al [55] suggested a special CH 4 hydrate formation technique called the "ice-seeding" method, which was originally designed to generate core-scale CH 4 hydrate samples from ice seed (pure H 2 O), for further mechanical testing and the investigation of hydrate dissociation patterns. Although this method is rarely used to form CH 4 hydrates, Spangenberg et al [56] employed the "ice-seeding" method in combination with partial freezing to form CH 4 hydrates in sand samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Hydrate Formation in the LArge-Scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS)

Spangenberg

Schicks

et al. 2022

Energies

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The LArge-scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS) has been previously developed to study hydrate dissociation in hydrate-bearing systems under in-situ conditions. In the present study, a numerical framework of equations of state describing hydrate formation at equilibrium conditions has been elaborated and integrated with a numerical flow and transport simulator to investigate a multi-stage hydrate formation experiment undertaken in LARS. A verification of the implemented modeling framework has been carried out by benchmarking it against another established numerical code. Three-dimensional (3D) model calibration has been performed based on laboratory data available from temperature sensors, fluid sampling, and electrical resistivity tomography. The simulation results demonstrate that temperature profiles, spatial hydrate distribution, and bulk hydrate saturation are consistent with the observations. Furthermore, our numerical framework can be applied to calibrate geophysical measurements, optimize post-processing workflows for monitoring data, improve the design of hydrate formation experiments, and investigate the temporal evolution of sub-permafrost methane hydrate reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Hydrate Formation in the LArge-Scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS)

Spangenberg

Schicks

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…Submarine landslide is a potential risk to commercial production of hydrate. To test the residual strength of HBS under larger deformations, such as submarine landslides, some scholars [31,115] have performed some basic work on the development of ring-shear devices and mechanical research (Table 4). Spangenberg et al (2020) developed a constant-temperature ring-shear instrument to determine the residual strength of hydrate or ice-containing sediments (Figure 12) [31].…”

Section: Development Of Ring Shear Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the triaxial and direct shear test techniques are mainly used in measuring the elastic-plastic deformation behavior of HBS [29,30]. For analyzing the mechanical parameters of HBS in a large deformation, ring shear has been widely used to test residual deformation [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Test Methods and Devices for Mechanical Properties of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

Chen

Merey

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Commercial exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate (NGH) is crucial for energy decarbonization. However, hydrate production would weaken reservoir mechanical properties and trigger geohazards. Experimental instruments are the basis to obtain the mechanical responses of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS). Considering the reservoir deformation processes from elastic deformation to residual deformation during hydrate exploitation, this study comprehensively reviewed the feasibility and mechanical research progress of the bender element, resonance column, atomic force microscope, triaxial shear, direct shear, ring shear, and static penetration in mechanical testing. Each test method’s precision and sample size were comprehensively compared and analyzed. Finally, the limitations and challenges of the current mechanical testing methods for HBS were discussed, and their future development directions were proposed. The proposed development direction in mechanical testing methods is expected to provide insightful guidance for the development of instruments and improve the understanding of the mechanical behavior of HBS.

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“…While, the weak cementation, low permeability, and high fine content behaviour of HBS may lead to sand production (Lu et al, 2019), wellbore collapse and formation instability (Wu et al, 2019;Li et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2023b) during the fracturing stimulation operation. Although the innovative experimental apparatus for sand production (Lu et al, 2021a(Lu et al, , 2018, cavitating jet (Zhang et al, 2020), mechanical behaviour (Seol et al, 2019;Spangenberg et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019) and kinetics behaviour (Masoudi et al, 2019) of HBS were developed, it is still hard to evaluate the fracturing performance (like fracture generation, growth and determination) in HBS. Meanwhile, proppants are widely applied in hydraulic facture fluids to increase the permeability of unconventional reservoirs (Ahmed Hafez Abdelaziz, 2020;Wang et al, 2023a, b).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Hydrate Reservoir Renovation Device and Its Application in Nitrogen Bubble Fracturing

Yao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Natural gas hydrate (GH) is a significant potential energy source due to its large reserves, wide distribution, high energy density and low pollution. However, the gas production rate of past gas hydrate production tests is much lower than the requirement of commercial gas production. Reservoir stimulation technologies like hydraulic fracture provide one potential approach to enhance gas production from GH. The reservoir reformation behaviour of the hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS), particularly sediments with a high clay content, is a complex process during a hydraulic fracturing operation, which has been poorly understood and thus hardly predictable. This paper presents an experimental facility that was developed to analyze the hydraulic fracture mechanism in synthesized HBS. This facility can be used to form GH in sediments, conduct visual observation of hydraulic fracturing experiments, and measure the permeability of HBS under high pressure (up to 30 MPa) and low-temperature conditions (from 253.15 K to 323.15 K). It is mainly composed of a pressure control and injection unit, a low temperature and cooling unit, a cavitation unit, a visual sapphire reactor, and a data acquisition and measurement unit. The hydraulic fracture module is consisting of a gas cylinder, fracturing pump, hopper, proppants warehouse and valves. The sapphire reservoir chamber is applied to observe and measure the fracture of HBS during hydraulic fracturing. The permeability test module is composed of a constant-flux pump and pressure sensors, which can evaluate the permeability performance before and after hydraulic fracture in HBS. The fundamental principles of this apparatus are discussed. Some tests were performed to verify hydraulic fracture tests and permeability tests could be practically applied in the HBS exploitation.

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“Ester”—A new ring-shear-apparatus for hydrate-bearing sediments

Abstract: Movable holder for a quartz crystal microbalance for exact growth rates in pulsed laser deposition Review of Scientific Instruments 91, 065003 (2020);

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Numerical Simulation of Hydrate Formation in the LArge-Scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS)

Numerical Simulation of Hydrate Formation in the LArge-Scale Reservoir Simulator (LARS)

Review on the Test Methods and Devices for Mechanical Properties of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

A Hydrate Reservoir Renovation Device and Its Application in Nitrogen Bubble Fracturing

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