Abstract:RESUMO A doença vascular cerebral extracraniana é uma das mais importantes causas de morte e de incapacidade em todo o mundo e seu tratamento se baseia em estratégias clínica e cirúrgica, sendo que esta última pode ser feita pelas técnicas convencional ou endovascular. O manejo da estenose da bifurcação carotídea visa principalmente a prevenir o acidente vascular cerebral e tem sido objeto de extensa investigação. O papel do tratamento clínico tem sido re-enfatizado, mas a endarterectomia de carótida permanece… Show more
“…We performed independent accuracy analyzes according to ICA stenosis ranges (50%-94% and 70%-94%). We considered results positive in the range of 50%-94% stenosis, as in clinical practice this range confirms the presence of significant carotid stenoses in DUS, that is, those that produce changes in volumetric flow and velocity 19 , in addition to being the cutoff for the indication of revascularization in symptomatic patients 5 , 9 . A patient presenting with ICA stenosis of 50%-94% commonly undergoes a confirmatory test with a reference test (CTA or MRA) before revascularization 5 , 9 , 20 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We considered results positive in the range of 50%-94% stenosis, as in clinical practice this range confirms the presence of significant carotid stenoses in DUS, that is, those that produce changes in volumetric flow and velocity 19 , in addition to being the cutoff for the indication of revascularization in symptomatic patients 5 , 9 . A patient presenting with ICA stenosis of 50%-94% commonly undergoes a confirmatory test with a reference test (CTA or MRA) before revascularization 5 , 9 , 20 . In another analysis, we considered ICA stenosis to be positive at a 70%-94% range because it is considered more severe, associated with a greater risk of stroke and death, and this is still today the cutoff for indicating revascularization in asymptomatic patients who present additional risks 8 , 9 , 14 .…”
Introduction: Internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis causes about 15% of ischemic strokes. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is the first line of investigation of ICA stenosis, but its accuracy varies in the literature and it is usual to complement the study with another more accurate exam when faced with significant stenosis. There is a lack of studies that compare DUS with angiotomography (CTA) in the present literature. Methods: we performed an accuracy study, which compared DUS to CTA of patients in a tertiary hospital with a maximum interval of three months between tests. Patients were selected retrospectively, and two independent and certified vascular surgeons evaluated each image in a masked manner. When there was discordance, a third evaluator was summoned. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ICA stenosis of 50-94% and 70-94%. Results: we included 45 patients and 84 arteries after inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. For the 50-94% stenosis range, DUS accuracy was 69%, sensitivity 89%, and specificity 63%. For the 70-94% stenosis range, DUS accuracy was 84%, sensitivity 61%, and specificity 93%. There was discordance between CTA evaluators with a change from clinical to surgical management in at least 37.5% of the conflicting reports. Conclusion: DUS had an accuracy of 69% for stenoses of 50-94% and 84% for stenoses of 70-94% of the ICA. The CTA analysis depended directly on the evaluator with a change in clinical conduct in more than 37% of cases.
“…We performed independent accuracy analyzes according to ICA stenosis ranges (50%-94% and 70%-94%). We considered results positive in the range of 50%-94% stenosis, as in clinical practice this range confirms the presence of significant carotid stenoses in DUS, that is, those that produce changes in volumetric flow and velocity 19 , in addition to being the cutoff for the indication of revascularization in symptomatic patients 5 , 9 . A patient presenting with ICA stenosis of 50%-94% commonly undergoes a confirmatory test with a reference test (CTA or MRA) before revascularization 5 , 9 , 20 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We considered results positive in the range of 50%-94% stenosis, as in clinical practice this range confirms the presence of significant carotid stenoses in DUS, that is, those that produce changes in volumetric flow and velocity 19 , in addition to being the cutoff for the indication of revascularization in symptomatic patients 5 , 9 . A patient presenting with ICA stenosis of 50%-94% commonly undergoes a confirmatory test with a reference test (CTA or MRA) before revascularization 5 , 9 , 20 . In another analysis, we considered ICA stenosis to be positive at a 70%-94% range because it is considered more severe, associated with a greater risk of stroke and death, and this is still today the cutoff for indicating revascularization in asymptomatic patients who present additional risks 8 , 9 , 14 .…”
Introduction: Internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis causes about 15% of ischemic strokes. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is the first line of investigation of ICA stenosis, but its accuracy varies in the literature and it is usual to complement the study with another more accurate exam when faced with significant stenosis. There is a lack of studies that compare DUS with angiotomography (CTA) in the present literature. Methods: we performed an accuracy study, which compared DUS to CTA of patients in a tertiary hospital with a maximum interval of three months between tests. Patients were selected retrospectively, and two independent and certified vascular surgeons evaluated each image in a masked manner. When there was discordance, a third evaluator was summoned. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ICA stenosis of 50-94% and 70-94%. Results: we included 45 patients and 84 arteries after inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. For the 50-94% stenosis range, DUS accuracy was 69%, sensitivity 89%, and specificity 63%. For the 70-94% stenosis range, DUS accuracy was 84%, sensitivity 61%, and specificity 93%. There was discordance between CTA evaluators with a change from clinical to surgical management in at least 37.5% of the conflicting reports. Conclusion: DUS had an accuracy of 69% for stenoses of 50-94% and 84% for stenoses of 70-94% of the ICA. The CTA analysis depended directly on the evaluator with a change in clinical conduct in more than 37% of cases.
“…Os principais fatores de risco para doença carotídea extracraniana incluem: idade avançada, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), tabagismo, hipercolesterolemia, diabetes melito (DM), sexo masculino, obesidade, doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP), doenças arteriais coronarianas (DAC) e cardíacas [6][7][8] . A aterogênese, seguida da formação de placas ateromatosas, está relacionada a eventos cerebrovasculares 9 .…”
Resumo Contexto Artérias carótidas são locais de frequentes patologias, sendo a mais comum a aterosclerose, podendo resultar na formação de placas com estenose. Para avaliarmos as carótidas em pacientes assintomáticos, o método de ultrassonografia Doppler ou ecodoppler é, atualmente, o exame de eleição, indicado para a triagem e o diagnóstico de lesões vasculares. As diretrizes atuais recomendam o rastreamento em pacientes que apresentem fatores de risco para estenose carotídea e que estejam aptos e dispostos ao tratamento medicamentoso/intervenção carotídea. A triagem em pacientes assintomáticos na população adulta em geral e sem fatores de risco significativos não é recomendada. Objetivos Avaliar se os especialistas médicos se baseiam na literatura para solicitar o ecodoppler como screening. Métodos Realizou-se seleção retrospectiva dos pacientes a partir da solicitação de ecodoppler. Os dados coletados foram computados e analisados com o programa RStudio versão 1.3.959. Resultados Avaliou-se a solicitação como adequada, desde que os pacientes apresentassem pelo menos um fator de risco para placas carotídeas. Entre 152 pacientes, 55 preenchiam critérios para screening de carótidas, a principal indicação na população estudada foi o check-up vascular. Hipertensão arterial foi o fator de risco mais prevalente. Os especialistas em cirurgia vascular obtiveram êxito maior ao solicitar o exame de maneira adequada [razão de chances de indicações corretas de 3,52 (IC 1,14-10,87), com p = 0,02]. A assertividade nas indicações de ecodoppler foi de 36% (IC95% 29-42%). Conclusões Conclui-se que houve excesso de solicitação de ultrassonografia de carótidas como screening. Os cirurgiões vasculares solicitaram o exame de maneira mais assertiva.
“…[ 2 , 3 , 5 ] Recently, it is considered that unstable atherosclerotic plaque of carotid arteries is one of the major risk factors for the development of acute cerebral event. [ 6 – 8 ] Therefore, evaluation on the plaque stability in the carotid arteries may serve as a predicting factor for cerebral events in clinic.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this content, ulceration is a major pathologic process in the development of unstable plaques. [ 8 , 9 ] Ulcerated plaques possess unique morphology and can be detected with noninvasive imaging scanning. In this regard, multislice computerized tomographic angiography (MSCTA) has been used to determine carotid arterial stenosis and morphology of the atherosclerotic plaques, especially, ulcerated plaques.…”
Ulceration of carotid arterial plaque is associated with cerebral events. Detection of ulcerated plaques will benefit patient from stroke and other ischemic events. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphology of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries and to assess its clinical impact in predicting cerebral events.A total of 386 patients were examined with 256-multislice spiral computed tomographic angiography (MSCTA).It was found that 356 of the 386 patients had cerebral ischemic symptoms. Specifically, 35 patients had amaurosis fugax (AmF), 178 had transient ischemic attack (TIA), and 143 had ischemic stroke. Abnormal images were found in 658 carotid arteries by MSCTA. Of the 658 abnormal images of carotid arteries, besides the 34 cases of carotid arterial occlusion, 624 cases were atherosclerotic plaques. Of the 624 plaques, 394 (63.2%) were smooth surface plaques, 161 (25.8%) were irregular surface plaques, and 69 (11.1%) were ulcerated plaques. Incidence of ulcerated plaque was higher in the ischemic stroke patients (13.1%) compared with that in the TIA group (10.3%), AmF group (6.6%), or symptom-free group (9.4%) although it was not statistically significant (P = .288). However, there was significant difference in the incidence of ischemic stroke between the ulcerated (20/69, 28.9%) and nonulcerated groups (69/555, 12.4%, P < .05, odds ratio = 2.875).These findings suggested that 256-MSCTA is an advanced imaging tool to determine not only arterial stenosis but also morphologic assessment of atherosclerotic plaques, which will benefit the patients by predicting the cerebral events in advance.
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