Establishment success of Brazil nut trees in smallholder Amazon forest restoration depends on site conditions and management

Forest Loss Related to Brazil Nut Production in Non-Timber Forest Product Concessions in a Micro-Watershed in the Peruvian Amazon

“…The study area is located in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon (11 • deforestation causes changes in seed and fruit production [10] and leads to forest desiccation and changes in its floristic composition [21,23].…”

“…& Bonpl.) is one of the most important NTFP species in South American tropical forests [10] and the tree has great economic importance [11] as a significant NTFP with an international export market, which requires standing forests for sustained production [12]. Approximately 30% of Madre de Dios is covered by forests dominated by Brazil nut trees, which generate substantial economic benefits and support forest conservation [13,14].…”

“…Nevertheless, the effects of specific disturbances on forest ecosystems vary considerably, depending on their scale and frequency [22]. Furthermore, deforestation causes changes in seed and fruit production [10] and leads to forest desiccation and changes in its floristic composition [21,23].…”

“…Although environmental monitoring is mandated by law to determine the direction and dynamics of these changes [22], in order to develop management plans for NTFPs on a regular basis, the impacts of deforestation on stakeholders in supply chains and their processes and flows are not well understood [9]. Local communities, traders, and consumers may find it difficult to understand how deforestation might affect their social and economic activities [8,10,12]. Brazil nut extraction is an economic activity carried out by indigenous communities and by other local communities with forest concessions [8,12], and all of them are threatened by deforestation [12] because it can have negative effects on Brazil nut production [26].…”

Forest Transformation in the Wake of Colonization: The Quijos Andean Amazonian Flank, Past and Present

“…Thus, novel conservation and development practices are required, and modern approaches, such as protected biocultural heritage (PBH) [9] and socio-ecological production landscape (SEPL) [10], need to be considered when applied montology is implemented in the mountains of the world [10,11]. Our general research objective seeks to understand forest transformation driven by development pressures resulting from economic trends, including forest frontier expansion, agricultural pressure, and mining operations, as suggested in the roadmap for restoration research [12]. Specific objectives include elucidating the historical factors affecting conservation, understanding environmental change adaptations, and identifying successful community-driven responses to forest transformation.…”