Establishment ofHydrellia pakistanae(Diptera: Ephydridae) for the Biological Control of the Submersed Aquatic PlantHydrilla verticillata(Hydrocharitaceae) in the Southeastern United States

Grodowitz, Michael J.; Cofrancesco, Alfred F.; Jubinsky, Greg; Snoddy, Edward L.; Freedman, Jan E.

doi:10.1006/bcon.1996.0491

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, these specific control agents usually reduce the biomass development of the target species but do not completely eliminate it; otherwise it could also mean the elimination of the control agent, which does not make sense in the context of coevolution. For example, of four host-specific insect biocontrol agents that were collected within the native range of Hydrilla and introduced in the USA for its management (Center et al, 1997), the most damaging of these insect agents, the leaf-mining fly (Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier), was able to reduce by only 30-40% the biomass of Hydrilla under field conditions (Doyle et al, 2002(Doyle et al, , 2007. Nevertheless, this represented a significant impact that could help to control the growth and expansion of the exotic plant.…”

Section: Control and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae), a recent invader threatening Brazil’s freshwater environments: a review of the extent of the problem

Sousa

2011

Hydrobiologia

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Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) is a highly prolific, rooted submerged macrophyte native to Asia that has invaded aquatic systems worldwide, causing many ecological and humanrelated problems. Hydrilla recently invaded the Paraná River basin in Brazil, making other ecologically and socially important Brazilian watersheds more susceptible to invasion by this plant. Here, I summarize the relevant information about Hydrilla, focusing on its biotic attributes, abiotic tolerance and effects on ecosystems. The aim of this review is to provide background information to assist with plan-

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Section: Control and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae), a recent invader threatening Brazil’s freshwater environments: a review of the extent of the problem

Sousa

2011

Hydrobiologia

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“…Herbivory by H. pakistanae reduced tuber production and biomass accumulation of H. verticillata, which was proportional to the amount of leaf damage (Doyle et al 2002). This type of damage, coupled with favourable attributes such as a short life cycle, multi-voltinism, overlapping generations, exponential growth rates, and possibly good dispersal abilities, such as demonstrated by H. pakistanae (Center et al 1997), suggest Hydrellia sp. has the potential to be an effective biological control agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Suitability of a leaf-mining fly, Hydrellia sp., for biological control of the invasive aquatic weed, Hydrilla verticillata in South Africa

Bownes

2014

BioControl

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South Africa developed its first biological control programme for a submerged aquatic weed following the discovery of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (Hydrocharitaceae) in a major tourism dam in 2006. A leaf-mining fly, Hydrellia sp. (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Singapore, originating on a closely related biotype of the weed invading South Africa, was considered a priority candidate agent. Host range was investigated through no-choice and paired-choice larval development trials. ''Host suitability'' trials (multiple generations and performance) were used to further evaluate the potential for non-target host use by the fly. Hydrellia sp. developed on a few closely related species in the Hydrocharitaceae and one species in the Potamogetonaceae. However, pairedchoice tests demonstrated a strong preference for its host plant and the host suitability trials indicated that Hydrellia sp. has very limited potential to establish permanent populations on native aquatic plant species. Hydrellia sp. should therefore be considered safe for release in South Africa.

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“…Beginning in 1990 and continuing through 1993, over 2,250,000 individuals of//, pakistanae Deonier were released at seven different locations (Figure 1) on Lake Seminole (Center et al 1997) (Table 1). The majority of these individuals (ca.…”

Section: Insect Releasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult H. pakistanae are small flies about 2 mm in length, which reside almost exclusively on or near hydrilla infestations (Baloch and Sana-Ulah 1974;Buckingham et al 1989;Center et al 1997;USAERDC 1998). The flies resemble small gnats and appear to jump along the water surface from one resting place to another instead of actually flying.…”

Section: Insect Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Impact of Lake Seminole Hydrilla by the Introduced Leaf-Mining Fly Hydrellia pakistanae

Grodowitz¹,

Cofrancesco²,

Stewart³

et al. 2003

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Hydrellia pakistanae, a biological control agent of hydrilla, was first introduced into Lake Seminole in 1990. Impact by this species remained low until 1998 when large numbers of individuals and associated impact, as well as increases in native plant diversity, were observed in several locations. In 1999, large-scale reductions in hydrilla were observed throughout many areas of the lake. These changes were correlated with changes in insect numbers where large increases in fly populations were correlated with decreases in tuber numbers and increases in species richness. While insect numbers were reduced in 2000, significant decreases in biomass and increases in native plant diversity were observed when numbers of immatures and/or feeding damage were high. While the evidence presented herein indicates that the flies played a major role in the hydrilla decline on Lake Seminole, other factors may have contributed to the observed reductions. This includes such obvious changes as decreases in lake levels brought on by drought that may have increased light penetration in shallower areas, thus allowing for increased growth of natives. More likely, a complex of factors, including H. pakistanae feeding damage, contributed to the observed changes in hydrilla status on Lake Seminole.

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Establishment ofHydrellia pakistanae(Diptera: Ephydridae) for the Biological Control of the Submersed Aquatic PlantHydrilla verticillata(Hydrocharitaceae) in the Southeastern United States

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae), a recent invader threatening Brazil’s freshwater environments: a review of the extent of the problem

Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae), a recent invader threatening Brazil’s freshwater environments: a review of the extent of the problem

Suitability of a leaf-mining fly, Hydrellia sp., for biological control of the invasive aquatic weed, Hydrilla verticillata in South Africa

Possible Impact of Lake Seminole Hydrilla by the Introduced Leaf-Mining Fly Hydrellia pakistanae

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