Establishment of Z Score Reference of Growth Parameters for Egyptian School Children and Adolescents Aged From 5 to 19 Years: A Cross Sectional Study

Shafie, Ali M. El; El-Gendy, Fady M; Allahony, Dalia M.; Omar, Zein A; Samir, Mohamed; El-Bazzar, Ahmed N.; El-Fattah, Mohamed A. Abd; Monsef, Amir A. Abdel; Kairallah, Amir M.; Raafet, Hythem M.; Baza, Ghada M.; Salah, Amany G.; Galab, Walaa S.; Kasemy, Zeinab A.; Bahbah, Wael A.

doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00368

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…So the current results are consistent with our study published in 2020 on Egyptian school children and adolescents aged 5–19 years and considered complementary to it as both studies together make a reference for growth and nutritional status among Egyptian infants, children and adolescents from birth up to 19 years ( 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Age- and gender-specific Z score growth charts from 2 to 19 years [by combining our data of the present study with the data of our previous study ( 14 )] of Egyptian children weight for age, height for age, and BMI for age were developed and smoothed by the LMS method ( Figures 10 , 11 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From January 2018 to January 2020, a multistage cross sectional randomized study was conducted on 27,537 children from birth up to 5 years. The same methodology used for our publication titled establishment of Z score references of growth parameters for Egyptian school children and adolescents aged 5–19 years was followed ( 14 ). All socioeconomic strata were represented with weighted rural-urban representation.…”

Section: Methods and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, the largest national study was conducted in Egypt on a 34,822 children aged from 5 to 19 years representing the whole of Egypt and provided references to Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) and Z score for weight, height, and BMI for Egyptian school children and adolescents ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of LMS and Z Score Growth References for Egyptian Children From Birth Up to 5 Years

et al. 2021

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Background: The Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) and Z score methods are important for assessment of growth and nutritional status. In Egypt, there is a lack of this tool for monitoring growth in preschool children.Objective: To develop LMS and Z score growth references for assessment of growth and nutritional status for Egyptian children from birth up to 5 years.Methods: A total of 27,537 children [13,888 boys (50.4%) and 13,649 girls (49.6%)] from birth up to 5 years were included in a multistage cross sectional randomized study from different Egyptian geographic districts to create LMS and Z score references for weight, length/height, and body mass index corresponding to age in addition to weight for length/height. Healthy term infants and children, exclusive breast feeding for at least 4 months and not suffering from any chronic diseases were included in this study. Children with dysmorphic features, preterm infants, admitted in neonatal or pediatric intensive care units and having any chronic diseases (hematological, cardiac, hepatic, and renal) were excluded. In addition any health condition that affects child growth including nutritional disorders was also excluded. Un-paired t-test was calculated to compare the means of weight for age, length/height for age, weight for length/height, and BMI for-age z scores of the Egyptian and WHO reference values.Results: Through detailed tables and graphs, LMS and Z scores for weight for age, length/height for age, weight for length/height, and BMI for age of both sexes were represented. Our findings showed no statistically significant difference between reference charts of WHO and Egyptian Z score charts (P > 0.05).Conclusion: This study provides the first reference for Egyptian children from birth up to 5 years based on Z score tool for assessment the growth and nutritional status in various clinical conditions and research, also allows comparison with references of other countries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of LMS and Z Score Growth References for Egyptian Children From Birth Up to 5 Years

et al. 2021

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“…(21) Obesity as a risk factor for COVID - 19 Overweight and obesity exists when the weight to length / height is higher than the mean by two and three standard deviations (SD) respectively of the WHO Child Standards for growth or BMI (Body Mass Index ) is higher than 85th and 97 th centile for age respectively . (22)(23)(24) Obesity is one of the preexisting diseases which is associated with death in pediatric patients with COVID -19 . Several studies around the world determined obesity and severe obesity as risk factors for mechanical ventilation and hospitalization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional fat modulation as a non-pharmacological approach to children infected with COVID-19, a challenge in food biochemistry.

Atef

2021

Egypt. J. Chem.

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WHO confirmed that COVID-19 disease is a pandemic event on March 11, 2020. The causative organism is a new virus called SARS-CoV-2. The review aims to explore the effect of nutrition-in particular the fat component -on the COVID-19 course in pediatrics. In this review, I will explain the relationship between the dietary fat component and its role as a macronutrient in the modulation of the disease severity or the prevention. The modification could be in the type or the amount of the dietary fat. To illustrate, it is advisable to avoid the saturated and trans-fatty acids due to their links to obesity with subsequent raised risks for COVID -19. In addition, the amount of dietary fat can be ameliorated to yield better disease outcomes. To illustrate, the ketogenic diet (high fat diet) provides the betahydroxybutrate which has favorable effects on the immunity suppressing and delaying the cytokine storms.

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Spondyloenchondrodysplasia in five new patients: identification of three novel ACP5 variants with variable neurological presentations

et al. 2023

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Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is an immune-osseous disorder caused by biallelic variants in ACP5 gene and is less commonly associated with neurological abnormalities such as global developmental delay, spasticity and seizures. Herein, we describe five new patients from four unrelated Egyptian families with complex clinical presentations including predominant neurological presentations masking the skeletal and immunological manifestations. All our patients had spasticity with variable associations of motor and mental delay or epilepsy. All except for one patient had bilateral calcification in the basal ganglia. One patient had an associated growth hormone deficiency with fair response to growth hormone therapy (GH) where the height improved from −3.0 SD before GH therapy to −2.35 SD at presentation. Patients had different forms of immune dysregulation. All patients except for one had either cellular immunodeficiency (3 patients) or combined immunodeficiency (1 patient). Whole exome sequencing was performed and revealed four ACP5 variants: c.629C > T (p.Ser210Phe), c.526C > T (p.Arg176Ter), c.742dupC (p.Gln248ProfsTer3) and c.775G > A (p.Gly259Arg). Of them, three variants were not described before. Our study reinforces the striking phenotypic variability associated with SPENCD and expands the mutational spectrum of this rare disorder. Further, it documents the positive response to growth hormone therapy in the studied patient.

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Establishment of Z Score Reference of Growth Parameters for Egyptian School Children and Adolescents Aged From 5 to 19 Years: A Cross Sectional Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Development of LMS and Z Score Growth References for Egyptian Children From Birth Up to 5 Years

Development of LMS and Z Score Growth References for Egyptian Children From Birth Up to 5 Years

Nutritional fat modulation as a non-pharmacological approach to children infected with COVID-19, a challenge in food biochemistry.

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia in five new patients: identification of three novel ACP5 variants with variable neurological presentations

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