Establishment of Tribolium as a Genetic Model System and Its Early Contributions to Evo-Devo

Denell, Robin E.

doi:10.1534/genetics.104.98673

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is an emerging model organism that displays a number of ancestral features, including the short germband mode of development (Denell 2004;Richards et al 2008;Roth and Hartenstein 2008). The availability of genetic tools and a wide range of embryonic patterning mutants have established T. castaneum as a model system to study this ancestral developmental mode (Denell 2004;Richards et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The availability of genetic tools and a wide range of embryonic patterning mutants have established T. castaneum as a model system to study this ancestral developmental mode (Denell 2004;Richards et al 2008). T. castaneum has a fully sequenced genome (Richards et al 2008) and an annotated protein-coding transcriptome (Kim et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…T. castaneum has a fully sequenced genome (Richards et al 2008) and an annotated protein-coding transcriptome (Kim et al 2010). In addition, the morphology of its early embryogenesis is among the best characterized of the short germband insects (Handel et al 2000(Handel et al , 2005Denell 2004;Benton et al 2013).…”

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MicroRNA evolution, expression, and function during short germband development in Tribolium castaneum

2015

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MicroRNAs are well-established players in the development of multicellular animals. Most of our understanding of microRNA function in arthropod development comes from studies in Drosophila. Despite their advantages as model systems, the long germband embryogenesis of fruit flies is an evolutionary derived state restricted to several holometabolous insect lineages. MicroRNA evolution and expression across development in animals exhibiting the ancestral and more widespread short germband mode of embryogenesis has not been characterized. We sequenced small RNA libraries of oocytes and successive intervals covering the embryonic development of the short germband model organism, Tribolium castaneum. We analyzed the evolution and temporal expression of the microRNA complement and sequenced libraries of total RNA to investigate the relationships with microRNA target expression. We show microRNA maternal loading and sequence-specific 3 ′ end nontemplate oligoadenylation of maternally deposited microRNAs that is conserved between Tribolium and Drosophila. We further uncover large clusters encoding multiple paralogs from several Tribolium-specific microRNA families expressed during a narrow interval of time immediately after the activation of zygotic transcription. These novel microRNAs, together with several early expressed conserved microRNAs, target a significant number of maternally deposited transcripts. Comparison with Drosophila shows that microRNA-mediated maternal transcript targeting is a conserved process in insects, but the number and sequences of microRNAs involved have diverged. The expression of fast-evolving and species-specific microRNAs in the early blastoderm of T. castaneum is consistent with previous findings in Drosophila and shows that the unique permissiveness for microRNA innovation at this stage is a conserved phenomenon.

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MicroRNA evolution, expression, and function during short germband development in Tribolium castaneum

2015

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“…The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is gaining popularity in various fields of biology due in part to the ease of performing RNA interference (RNAi) [1][2][3] . RNAi-based gene knockdown techniques allow scientists to perform loss-of-function analyses without utilizing complex genetic methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Larval RNA Interference in the Red Flour Beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>

Linz

Clark-Hachtel

Borràs-Castells

et al. 2014

JoVE

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The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, offers a repertoire of experimental tools for genetic and developmental studies, including a fully annotated genome sequence, transposon-based transgenesis, and effective RNA interference (RNAi). Among these advantages, RNAi-based gene knockdown techniques are at the core of Tribolium research. T. castaneum show a robust systemic RNAi response, making it possible to perform RNAi at any life stage by simply injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into the beetle's body cavity.In this report, we provide an overview of our larval RNAi technique in T. castaneum. The protocol includes (i) isolation of the proper stage of T. castaneum larvae for injection, (ii) preparation for the injection setting, and (iii) dsRNA injection. Larval RNAi is a simple, but powerful technique that provides us with quick access to loss-of-function phenotypes, including multiple gene knockdown phenotypes as well as a series of hypomorphic phenotypes. Since virtually all T. castaneum tissues are susceptible to extracellular dsRNA, the larval RNAi technique allows researchers to study a wide variety of tissues in diverse contexts, including the genetic basis of organismal responses to the outside environment. In addition, the simplicity of this technique stimulates more student involvement in research, making T. castaneum an ideal genetic system for use in a classroom setting.

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“…Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), known as the rust red flour beetle, is among the most important pests in stored grain (Sinha & Watters, ; Mills & Pedersen, ). The entire genome of this species has recently been sequenced ( Tribolium Genome Sequencing Consortium, ) and it has become as a genetic model (Denell, ). Recent studies in several fields have used this model species, including the use of RNAi in larval stage to modify the morphology of the pupa and adult (Tomoyasu & Denell, ), the use of genetic maps (Lorenzen et al ., ) and immunological approaches (Knorr et al ., ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Real‐time cell analysis and heat shock protein gene expression in the TcA Tribolium castaneum cell line in response to environmental stress conditions

et al. 2016

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The rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a pest of stored grain and one of the most studied insect model species. Some of the previous studies involved heat response studies in terms of survival and heat shock protein expression, which are regulated to protect other proteins against environmental stress conditions. In the present study, we characterize the impedance profile with the xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analyzer and study the effect of increased temperature in cell growth and viability in the cell line BCIRL-TcA-CLG1 (TcA) of T. castaneum. This novel system measures cells behavior in real time and is applied for the first time to insect cells. Additionally, cells are exposed to heat shock, increased salinity, acidic pH and UV-A light with the aim of measuring the expression levels of Hsp27, Hsp68a, and Hsp83 genes. Results show a high thermotolerance of TcA in terms of cell growth and viability. This result is likely related to gene expression results in which a significant up-regulation of all studied Hsp genes is observed after 1 h of exposure to 40 °C and UV light. All 3 genes show similar expression patterns, but Hsp27 seems to be the most affected. The results of this study validate the RTCA method and reveal the utility of insect cell lines, real-time analysis and gene expression studies to better understand the physiological response of insect cells, with potential applications in different fields of biology such as conservation biology and pest management.

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Establishment of Tribolium as a Genetic Model System and Its Early Contributions to Evo-Devo

Cited by 43 publications

References 60 publications

MicroRNA evolution, expression, and function during short germband development in Tribolium castaneum

MicroRNA evolution, expression, and function during short germband development in Tribolium castaneum

Larval RNA Interference in the Red Flour Beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>

Real‐time cell analysis and heat shock protein gene expression in the TcA Tribolium castaneum cell line in response to environmental stress conditions

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