Establishment of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa in Cow and Water Buffalo (Bos bubalus L.) Calves Under Late and Early Weaning Systems

Naga, M. A.; Akkada, A. R. Abou; El-Shazly, K.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(69)86510-0

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Bryant et al (1958) found, similarly to our results, no proto- [245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258] zoa in three isolated calves during 13 weeks after birth; entodinia were first observed in these animals at 17 weeks of age after the calves were placed in contact with adult cattle and the sequence of establishment of entodinia, diplodinia and holotrichs was the same as reported by Oxford (1955). Naga et al (1969) reported that Entodinium followed by Eudiplodinium were the first two genera to appear in the rumen of buffalo calves where ciliated protozoa were seen earlier than in cow calves in which isotrichs and entodinia occurred almost simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…They are, with few exceptions, small in size and morphologically primitive and ingest starch grains and bacteria that are present in ruminants at this time. In our isolated calves as well as in the controls left with the dams the appearance of primitive entodinia was followed by morphologically more complicated ciliates such as epidinia which were not observed in cow and water buffalo calves in Egypt (Naga et al 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Ruminal Fauna in Calves Raised in Isolation from the Dams

Crha¹,

Holub²

1978

Acta Vet. Brno

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Acta vet. Bmo, 47, 1978: 127-135.Six Slovak Spotted calves raised in isolation form their dams were examined for the presence of rumen protozoa from birth to 29 weeks of age. Entodinia were first observed 19 weeks after the animals had been fed roughage for 8 weeks. Eremoplastron spp. and Epidinium spp. occurred from the 25th week and Eudoplodimum spp. from the 27th week after birth. In three calves left with their dams for 20 days after birth entodinia were observed as early as 13 weeks after birth and epidinia and isotricha were present from the 18th week after birth. Rumen microorganisms, protozoa, Entodiniomorpha, Holotricha.There are conflicting reports as to the time at which protozoa first appear in the rumen of calves but it is, no doubt, rather late after birth. Although they may make their appearance in the first or second week after birth, provided that ruminal pH is higher than 6.0 they were generally demonstrated from the third week after birth (Lengemann and Allen 1959). According to other reports they do not appear until calves are 8 weeks old and then only in 15 per cent of animals (Latteur 1953), or even as late as 16 weeks after birth (Conrad et al. 1958).These discrepancies are not surprising when one reftects that the time at which protozoa possibly with the exception of ftagellates (Eadie 1962), appear in the rumen depends on contact of the calves with older, protozoa-harbouring animals (Strelkov et a1. 1933;Pounden and Hibbs 1950;Bryant et al. 1958;, Borhami et al. 1967.It is therefore conceivable that the methods of rearing particularly under intensive husbandry conditions inftuence faunation of the calves to a considerable extent. Since early establishment of ciliates in the rumen is important to the development and growth of calves, all practices that advance or delay the onset of rumen faunation, thus affecting the progress of transformation of a suckling into a ruminant, are of great importance and may have far-reaching consequences. Material and Methods AnimalsThe experimental animals were Slovak Spotted calves. They were separated from the dams immediately after birth before being licked by the cows. They were transferred first to a calf house where they were given a shower-bath, were brushed and then individually penned in cages bedded with straw. They were fed a milk diet four times a day for the first four days and three times a day for the next 15 days. At 20 days of age they were shifted to granulated alfalfa meal. At one month of age they were changed to clover hay. After being penned in cages up to 11 weeks of age, the animals were transferred to another calf house, about 200 m distant from the previous one, where they were loose-housed. One week later they were transferted to a third calf house, about 200 m distant fromthe previous one, where they were housed about twenty to a pen and fed alfalfa and clover hay ad libitum, received barley-and-maize meal three times a day and were provided with water. Afterwards they were transferted to a fourth calf house, about 800 m distant...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Ruminal Fauna in Calves Raised in Isolation from the Dams

Crha¹,

Holub²

1978

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…In contrast to bacteria, protozoa have been shown to have very little host specificity 14–16 . The importance of the rumen protozoa in fibre degradation of high forage diets has been demonstrated by comparing protozoa-free sheep to faunated sheep 17, 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated inoculation of cattle rumen with bison rumen contents alters the rumen microbiome and improves nitrogen digestibility in cattle

Ribeiro

Oss

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Future growth in demand for meat and milk, and the socioeconomic and environmental challenges that farmers face, represent a “grand challenge for humanity”. Improving the digestibility of crop residues such as straw could enhance the sustainability of ruminant production systems. Here, we investigated if transfer of rumen contents from bison to cattle could alter the rumen microbiome and enhance total tract digestibility of a barley straw-based diet. Beef heifers were adapted to the diet for 28 days prior to the experiment. After 46 days, ~70 percent of rumen contents were removed from each heifer and replaced with mixed rumen contents collected immediately after slaughter from 32 bison. This procedure was repeated 14 days later. Intake, chewing activity, total tract digestibility, ruminal passage rate, ruminal fermentation, and the bacterial and protozoal communities were examined before the first and after the second transfer. Overall, inoculation with bison rumen contents successfully altered the cattle rumen microbiome and metabolism, and increased protein digestibility and nitrogen retention, but did not alter fiber digestibility.

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“…study the establishment of ciliate protozoa in early weaned cattle and water buffalo calves, and the protozoan species were not identified. In a separate study, Diplodinium (Eudiplodinium) medium Awerinzew & Mutafowa was cultivated from rumen contents of water buffalo (26); Diplodinium (Eudiplodinium) neglectum Dogiel was also mentioned in that report. More recently, Michalowski (25) has studied the effect of different diets on the diurnal concentrations of the different genera of ciliate protozoa in the rumen of 3 water buffaloes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen of Brazilian Water Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus*

Dehority

1979

The Journal of Protozoology

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Total numbers and distribution of genera, subgenera and species were determined for the ciliate protozoa in rumen contents of 4 Brazilian water buffalo Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus. The fauna of one animal, housed in close proximity to European and zebu-type cattle, differed considerably from that of the remaining animals, which were somewhat isolated on a large ranch. Several of the protozoan species observed in the semi-isolated animals were first described in rumen contents from humped Indian cattle, and their subsequent occurrence in other hosts and geographic locations has been limited or absent. In all, 49 different species of protozoa were found, 8 of which have not been previously described. Three of the new species belong to the genus Entodinium: E. ciculum sp. n., E. spinonucleatum sp. n. and E. triangulum sp. n.; 4 to Diplodinium (Ostracodinium): D. (O.) brazili sp. n., D. (O.) esalqum sp. n., D. (O.) nucleolobum sp. n., and D. (O.) tiete sp. n.; and one to Diplodinium (Eudiplodinium): D. (E.) bubalus sp. n.

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Establishment of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa in Cow and Water Buffalo (Bos bubalus L.) Calves Under Late and Early Weaning Systems

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Ruminal Fauna in Calves Raised in Isolation from the Dams

Ruminal Fauna in Calves Raised in Isolation from the Dams

Repeated inoculation of cattle rumen with bison rumen contents alters the rumen microbiome and improves nitrogen digestibility in cattle

Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen of Brazilian Water Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus*

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