Establishment of reference intervals for serum symmetric dimethylarginine in adult nonracing Greyhounds

Liffman, Rebekah; Johnstone, Thurid; Tennent‐Brown, Brett; Hepworth, Graham; Courtman, Natalie

doi:10.1111/vcp.12638

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…In total, 24 different breeds but mostly mongrels were seen, which fits the results of prior studies and shows that mixed breeds are as likely as pure breeds to develop CKD (5). Prior studies reported age and breed as well as several comorbidities to have an increasing effect on SDMA (17,31). Therefore, only dogs older than one year were included in this study and dogs of breeds that were reported to show increased SDMA were excluded from the study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Correlation between separate findings in 60 dogs suffering from CKD in IRIS stage 1

Sehn

Nölte

Bach

2020

Preprint

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Background The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) reports guidelines for classification and therapy for dogs suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dogs in stage 1 show no elevated serum creatinine, but some other sign of kidney disease like elevated Symmetric Dimethylarginin (SDMA), proteinuria, low urine specific gravity or abnormalities in the sonography of the kidneys. Objective of this study was to access the correlation between inclusion criteria and to give an estimation whether a more detailed staging or a substaging for patients with elevated SDMA levels might be useful regarding possible treatment recommendations. Results Sixty patients in IRIS stage 1 were included into the study. Most of these dogs were included due to raised SDMA level (n=22) or sonographic abnormalities of the kidneys (n=16). In order to rank and compare results of ultrasonography, a sonography score was developed. Additionally, results from blood work, urinalysis, ultrasonography and in some cases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were examined. Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between creatinine and urea and negative correlation between creatinine and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (Up/c). Between SDMA, phosphate, urine specific gravity and sonographic findings there is no dependency with any other examined parameter. Conclusion Results showed that patients in IRIS stage 1 are a heterogeneous group and giving precise treatment recommendation might be challenging. If future studies will suggest treatment in this stage of CKD, such as renal diet, a more detailed classification is needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Correlation between separate findings in 60 dogs suffering from CKD in IRIS stage 1

Sehn

Nölte

Bach

2020

Preprint

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“…A recent study comparing serum SDMA concentrations in clinically healthy greyhounds to that in other breeds, concluded that greyhounds have significantly higher mean serum SDMA concentrations compared to dogs of other breeds (13.1 and 10.2 μg/dL, respectively) (Liffman et al . 2018). A reference interval for serum SDMA concentration in greyhounds was established as 6.3 to 19.9 μg/dL.…”

Section: Non‐renal Influences On Symmetric Dimethylarginine (Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMA solve all of our problems?

Sargent

Elliott

Jepson

2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Within clinical small animal practice, diagnosis of both chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury is common. To assess renal function, measurement of glomerular filtration rate is considered the gold standard. Currently, routine tests of kidney function include surrogate markers of glomerular filtration rate such as serum creatinine, and urea, each with their own limitations, whilst urine protein to creatinine ratio gives an indication of glomerular and tubular handling of protein, and urine specific gravity information about urine concentrating ability by the kidney. These parameters are used together with historical and physical examination data to give a diagnosis of kidney disease following which creatinine, proteinuria and blood pressure are used to stage chronic kidney disease and, together with urine output, grade acute kidney injury according to the International Renal Interest Society. However, there has been much concern that creatinine is insensitive when used to indicate early decline in renal function and this has highlighted the need for additional methods of diagnosing and monitoring these patients, with the potential to allow earlier therapeutic intervention. Symmetric dimethylarginine is a novel biomarker, which has been shown to perform as a surrogate marker of glomerular filtration rate in small animals. This article will review current research on symmetric dimethylarginine and the ways in which it may be utilised in small animal practice; current research supports the use of symmetric dimethylarginine as a screening test for detection of early chronic kidney disease according to International Renal Interest Society guidelines, but further research is required in to the usefulness of symmetric dimethylarginine as a tool for monitoring disease and the effect of non‐renal influences.

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“…No Grupo C de cães saudáveis, no entanto, não houve correlação entre as duas variáveis, SDMA e sCr (r = 0,2440; P = 0,4448), resultado também encontrado em outros estudos de cães saudáveis (r = -0,06, IC 95%: -0,37 -0,25; r = 0,36, P = 0,08) (NABITY et al, 2015;LIFFMAN et al, 2018). Outros estudos, no entanto, demonstraram correlação baixa entre SDMA e sCr (r = 0,21, P < 0,0001; r = 0,32, P = 0,04) em cães saudáveis (PEDERSEN et al, 2006;HALL et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Embora tenha sido demonstrado que a SDMA apresenta menor variabilidade interindividual relativa à sCr, há estudo em que se questiona o intervalo de referência para a população, pois pode não ser o mais adequado para toda e qualquer população (KOPKE et al, 2018). Assim, suscitou-se em um estudo em cães da raça Greyhound sobre a necessidade de modificação dos valores de referência de SDMA para essa raça (6,3 -19,9 µg/dL) (LIFFMAN et al, 2018). Outro estudo em gatos da raça Birmanês também identificou um intervalo de referência maior para essa raça especificamente (3,4 -19,2 µg/dL), porém ainda com limitações devido ao baixo número de animais incluídos no estudo (PALTRINIERI et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Outro estudo em gatos da raça Birmanês também identificou um intervalo de referência maior para essa raça especificamente (3,4 -19,2 µg/dL), porém ainda com limitações devido ao baixo número de animais incluídos no estudo (PALTRINIERI et al, 2018). Suscita-se que essas variações sejam devidas à menor TFG apresentada por essas raças, que levaria a maiores valores de sCr e SDMA, no entanto mais estudos que avaliem a TFG são necessários para confirmação (LIFFMAN et al, 2018;PALTRINIERI et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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>b<Avaliação da progressão da taxa de filtração glomerular pela dimetilarginina simétrica em cães com doença renal crônica submetidos à terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais>/b<

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respectivamente). Associa-se isso à heterogeneidade dos cães no estágio 3, havendo a possibilidade ainda da necessidade de maior tempo de acompanhamento (muitos cães evoluíram a óbito), bem como maior número de animais avaliados em cada subgrupo. SDMA apresentou correlação moderada com sCr (r = 0,6186; P < 0,0001), suas concentrações no entanto, apresentaram variações individuais cujas causas ainda são pouco conhecidas, assim a importância da avaliação sequencial. Mau prognóstico foi observado quanto maior a concentração de SDMA. Palavras-chave: Biomarcadores renais. Terapia celular. Diagnóstico precoce. Nefropatia. Canina.

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Establishment of reference intervals for serum symmetric dimethylarginine in adult nonracing Greyhounds

Abstract: This study supports the use of a Greyhound-specific RI for SDMA. Using previously established canine RIs for this breed could result in the overdiagnosis of renal disease.

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Correlation between separate findings in 60 dogs suffering from CKD in IRIS stage 1

Correlation between separate findings in 60 dogs suffering from CKD in IRIS stage 1

The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMA solve all of our problems?

>b<Avaliação da progressão da taxa de filtração glomerular pela dimetilarginina simétrica em cães com doença renal crônica submetidos à terapia com células-tronco mesenquimais>/b<

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