Establishment of prairie species in Iowa by seeding and transplanting

Christiansen, Paul

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-3198

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We placed 100 seeds of each prairie species in petri dishes ( (Sperka, 1973). Prairie wildflower seed germinated at low overall rates in our study, but our observed rates are consistant with rates reported in other studies of seed from non-commercial sources (Christiansen, 1967;Voight, 1977). Blake (1935) reported that while prairie species produced large amounts of seed, only a small percentage of the seeds were viable.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…As previously mentioned, seed conditioning, viability, and germination are a few of the most important factors in direct seeding establishment of wildflowers (Blake, 1935;Christiansen, 1967;Salac and Hesse, 1975;Schramm, 1978;Salac etal, 1982). Poor establishment of many wildflower species is related to issues such as weed competition (Schwarzmeier, 1972;Schramm, 1978), timing of seeding (Salac etal, 1982;Whitney, 1983;Zajicek, etal., 1986), and seed quality (Salac and Hesse, 1975;Schramm, 1978;Heston, etal., 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…May vs. June seeding favored the former in one study (Whitney, 1983 (Christiansen, 1967 (Wang, 1989). Henderson and Hensley, (1990) (Spomer, 1982;Milks, et al ., 1989 (Latimer, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no quantitative research exisits to support this recommendation. In fact, Christiansen (1967) found that transplants of many prairie species such as Ratibida pinnata (Venten.) Barnh.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nuzzo (1978) (Weaver, 1954) and transplant success (Schramm, 1972 (Kemery and Dana, unpublished data). However, Echinacea pallida, Liatris pycnostachya, and Veronicastrum virginicum seedlings survived at much higher percentages when installed on the constructed prairie. These species are considered more difficult to transplant successfully than Ratibida, Andropogon , or Aster, (Nuzzo, 1978;Christiansen, 1967, Schulenburg, 1972 (Christiansen, 1967 (Trautman and Lohmeyer. 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wildflowers for Indiana Highways

Dana¹,

Kemery²,

Boszor³

1996

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supporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…May vs. June seeding favored the former in one study (Whitney, 1983 (Christiansen, 1967 (Wang, 1989). Henderson and Hensley, (1990) (Spomer, 1982;Milks, et al ., 1989 (Latimer, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wildflowers for Indiana Highways

Dana¹,

Kemery²,

Boszor³

1996

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Population Size and Reproduction inPhlox pilosa

Hendrix

Kyhl

2000

Conservation Biology

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We analyzed the relationships between population size and reproductive characteristics in the perennial prairie forb Phlox pilosa , an obligate outcrossing butterfly-pollinated species. We examined 27 populations ranging in size from 9 to over 75,000 flowering ramets in two regions of the state of Iowa (eastcentral and northwest) in 1993 and. We collected flowers from each population and scored them for pollen arrival to stigmas and number of pollen tubes. We collected fruiting ramets from each population at the end of the Phlox growing season and scored them for height, biomass, and reproductive variables, including the number of flowers initiated and opened and the number of capsules initiated and matured. In both years, population size was significantly correlated with the number of capsules matured per ramet. Differences between populations in capsule production were set primarily at the pollination stage. In 1993, pollen arrival to stigmas was significantly lower than in 1994 and was correlated with population size in eastcentral Iowa populations, indicating that lower reproduction in small populations that year was at least partially due to inadequate amounts of pollen being moved. In 1993, weather conditions likely depressed pollinator activity, but absolute capsule formation was high because of high flower production per ramet and high population densities. In 1994, when pollen arrival to stigmas was relatively high and unrelated to population size, outcross pollen movement was greater in larger populations. Increased efficacy of outcross pollen movement in 1994 may have resulted from lower flower production and less dense populations forcing greater pollinator movement between ramets or from variation between years in fine-scale spatial genetic substructuring of populations. Our results indicate that the viability of Phlox pilosa can be best ensured by protecting and creating populations of at least 1000-2000 flowering ramets.Tamaño Poblacional y Reproducción de Phlox pilosa Resumen: Analizamos las relaciones entre el tamaño poblacional y las características reproductivas en la hierba perenne de pradera, Phlox pilosa , una especie obligada a cruza externa, polinizada por especies de mariposas. Examinamos 27 poblaciones que variaron en tamaño entre 9 y 75,000 ramilletes en dos regiones del estado de Iowa (este-centro y noroeste) en 1993 y 1994. Colectamos flores de cada población y establecimos puntajes para el arrivo de polen a las estigmas y número de tubos de polen. Colectamos ramilletes de frutas para cada población al final de la estación de crecimiento de Phlox y establecimos puntajes para altura, biomasa y variables reproductivas incluyendo el número de flores iniciadas y abiertas y el número de cápsulas iniciadas y maduras. En ambos años, el tamaño poblacional estuvo significtivamente correlacionado con el número de cápsulas maduras por ramillete. Las diferencias entre poblaciones en producción de cápsulas se establecieron primariamente en el estado de polinización. En 1993 el arrivo de polen a l...

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Germination of Phlox pilosa L. Seeds Is Improved by Gibberellic Acid and Light but Not Stratification, Potassium Nitrate, or Surface Disinfestation

Madeiras¹,

Boyle²,

Autio³

2007

horts

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The effects of warm stratification and cold stratification, gibberellin-3 (GA3) concentration, potassium nitrate concentration, light, and duration of surface sterilization on the germination of downy phlox (Phlox pilosa L.) seeds were studied. Germination after 21 days (G21), days to 50% germination (T50), and number of days between 10% and 90% final germination (T90–T10) were calculated for each treatment. Total germination percentage was most significantly improved by cold stratification at 5 ± 2 °C for 10 weeks after warm stratification at 20 °C for 2 weeks; however, a substantial amount of germination occurred during the prestratification period, thus resulting in a crop with poor uniformity. A total of 10 mg·L−1 GA3 significantly improved the G21, T50, and T90–T10 values. Although GA3 concentration and duration of cold stratification period interacted significantly when the two were combined, the additive effects of GA3 and cold stratification did not significantly improve G21 values over those obtained with GA3 alone nor were T50 values improved over those obtained with cold stratification alone. Potassium nitrate did not influence the T50 and T90–T10 values and improved G21 only slightly. Light was found to be necessary for germination. Surface sterilization with 10% bleach decreased the growth of fungi on seeds but had no significant effect on the germination responses of P. pilosa seeds. Application of GA3 at 10 mg·L−1 is a promising method for improving seed germination in perennial Phlox species.

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Establishment of prairie species in Iowa by seeding and transplanting

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Wildflowers for Indiana Highways

Wildflowers for Indiana Highways

Population Size and Reproduction inPhlox pilosa

Germination of Phlox pilosa L. Seeds Is Improved by Gibberellic Acid and Light but Not Stratification, Potassium Nitrate, or Surface Disinfestation

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