“…The current analytical methods to detect these residues include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Basheer et al, 2005;Ma et al, 2013), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Sniegocki et al, 2014;Mitani et al, 2005), enzyme-linked immunoassay (Xu et al, 2012;Kondo et al, 2012), raman 4 microfluidic sensor (Ji et al, 2015), chemiluminescent immunoassay , electrochemical method , and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method (Fei et al, 2014;Muzyka et al, 2014). Among these methods, ECL has become one of the predominant analytical techniques because of its simple instrumentation, high sensitivity, and wide dynamic range (Feng et al, 2014).…”