“…However, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing has highly variable efficiency in the F 0 generation, dependent on numerous factors including: the choice of physical delivery method, molecular delivery of CRISPR components, sgRNA length and sequence, cell type and organism (Zhang et al, 2016;Lino et al, 2018). In sea urchins, this technique has only been used in a handful of studies to date (Lin and Su, 2016;Shevidi et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019;Wessel et al, 2020;Yaguchi et al, 2020), all of which have targeted genes in which a mutation confers an easily visualized, and previously established, phenotype.…”