“…The SPAD‐502 sensor accuracy in estimating plant N status is higher when readings are performed at the top leaflet of the fourth uppermost fully expanded leaf (Li et al., 2012). However, factors such as cultivar, growth stage, leaf thickness, reading time, leaf position, other nutrient deficiencies, water stress, and soil type may influence SPAD readings (Gianquinto et al., 2004; Giletto et al., 2010; Li et al., 2012, 2019; Marouani, Behi, Salah, & Quilez, 2015; Milagres et al., 2018; Minotti et al., 1994; Rolando, Ramírez, Yactayo, Monneveux, & Quiroz, 2015; Silva, Coelho, Braun, & Fontes, 2011; Zakeri et al., 2015; Zheng et al., 2015; Zhu, Tremblay, & Liang, 2011). In order to establish a standard recommendation, it is suggested to perform SPAD‐based plant N status monitoring using nitrogen sufficiency indices (NSIs), a value obtained from the ratio of SPAD values measured in plants receiving in‐season adjusted N fertilization and those cultivated in a reference non‐limiting N supply area (Bohman, Rosen, & Mulla, 2019; Gianquinto et al., 2004; Minotti et al., 1994; Zakeri et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2020).…”