Establishment of Biosynthetic Pathways To Generate Castasterone as the Biologically Active Brassinosteroid in <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>

Roh, Jeehee; Moon, Jinyoung; Youn, Ji Hyun; Seo, Chaiweon; Park, Yeon Ju; Kim, Seong‐Ki

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07963

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Steroids are found throughout the tree of life and have acquired hormone function in animals as well as in plants ( Tarkowska, 2019 ; Ferreira-Guerra et al., 2020 ). The brassinosteroids comprise a few bioactive molecules, among which brassinolide is typically the natural, endogenous ligand in dicotyledons ( Nomura et al., 2005 ; Roh et al., 2020 ). In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana ( Arabidopsis ), brassinolide is sensed by the extra-cellular domains of the receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and its close homologs, BRI1-LIKE 1 (BRL1) and BRL3 ( Li and Chory, 1997 ; Cano-Delgado et al., 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-cell morpho-transcriptomic map of brassinosteroid action in the Arabidopsis root

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of brassinosteroid signaling on shoot and root development have been characterized in great detail but a simple consistent positive or negative impact on a basic cellular parameter was not identified. In this study, we combined digital 3D single-cell shape analysis and single-cell mRNA sequencing to characterize root meristems and mature root segments of brassinosteroid-blind mutants and wild type. The resultant datasets demonstrate that brassinosteroid signaling affects neither cell volume nor cell proliferation capacity. Instead, brassinosteroid signaling is essential for the precise orientation of cell division planes and the extent and timing of anisotropic cell expansion. Moreover, we found that the cell-aligning effects of brassinosteroid signaling can propagate to normalize the anatomy of both adjacent and distant brassinosteroid-blind cells through non-cell-autonomous functions, which are sufficient to restore growth vigor. Finally, single-cell transcriptome data discern directly brassinosteroid-responsive genes from genes that can react non-cell-autonomously and highlight arabinogalactans as sentinels of brassinosteroiddependent anisotropic cell expansion.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single-cell morpho-transcriptomic map of brassinosteroid action in the Arabidopsis root

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latter is transformed to CT by the 22α-hydroxylase. Cathasterone (CT) is converted in the consecutive reactions to teasterone (TE), 3-dehydroteasterone (3-DT), typhasterol (TY), CS, and BL, respectively ( Shimada et al., 2001 ; Fujioka et al., 2002 ; Kwon and Choe, 2005 ; Ohnishi et al., 2006a ; Ohnishi et al., 2006b ; Lee et al., 2010 ; Lee et al., 2011 ; Zhao and Li, 2012 ; Chung and Choe, 2013 ; Joo et al., 2015 ; Kim et al., 2018 ; Ohnishi, 2018 ; Roh et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Brs Biosynthetic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Overview of the Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways: Substrates, Products, Inhibitors, and Connections

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brassinosteroids (BRs) as a class of steroid plant hormones participate in the regulation of numerous developmental processes, including root and shoot growth, vascular differentiation, fertility, flowering, and seed germination, as well as in responding to environmental stresses. During four decades of research, the BR biosynthetic pathways have been well studied with forward-and reverse genetics approaches. The free BRs contain 27, 28, and 29 carbons within their skeletal structure: (1): 5a-cholestane or 26nor-24a-methyl-5a-cholestane for C 27-BRs; (2) 24a-methyl-5a-cholestane, 24b-methyl-5a-cholestane or 24-methylene-5a-cholestane for C 28-BRs; (3) 24a-ethyl-5acholestane, 24(Z)-ethylidene-5a-cholestane, 25-methyl-5a-campestane or 24methylene-25-methyl-5a-cholestane for C 29-BRs, as well as different kinds and orientations of oxygenated functions in A-and Bring. These alkyl substituents are also common structural features of sterols. BRs are derived from sterols carrying the same side chain. The C 27-BRs without substituent at C-24 are biosynthesized from cholesterol. The C 28-BRs carrying either an a-methyl, b-methyl, or methylene group are derived from campesterol, 24-epicampesterol or 24-methylenecholesterol, respectively. The C 29-BRs with an a-ethyl group are produced from sitosterol. Furthermore, the C 29 BRs carrying methylene at C-24 and an additional methyl group at C-25 are derived from 24methylene-25-methylcholesterol. Generally, BRs are biosynthesized via cycloartenol and cycloartanol dependent pathways. Till now, more than 17 compounds were characterized as inhibitors of the BR biosynthesis. For nine of the inhibitors (e.g., brassinazole and YCZ-18) a specific target reaction within the BR biosynthetic pathway has been identified. Therefore, the review highlights comprehensively recent advances in our understanding of the BR biosynthesis, sterol precursors, and dependencies between the C 27-C 28 and C 28-C 29 pathways.

show abstract

“…This reaction is catalyzed by CAS-C-6 oxidase CYP85A1, also called BL synthase ( Figure 1 ). While the gene encoding this enzyme occurs in most dicotyledonous plants (e.g., Arabidopsis), it is not present in most monocotyledons (e.g., rice) [ 12 ], nor is this enzyme present in animal cells, from the lack of the oxidase-encoding gene in animal genomes, including humans. In plants lacking the oxidase gene, the active BR is CAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Castasterone, a Plant Steroid Hormone, Affects Human Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Reverses Multi-Drug Resistance

Sadava

Chen

2023

Pharmaceuticals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a dismal prognosis, in part because of the development of multi-drug resistance. Castasterone (CAS) is the metabolic precursor of the plant steroid hormone epibrassinolide (EB). In some plants, EB accounts for the total hormone activity, whereas in other plants, CAS is the active form. The effects of CAS, a BR present in most plants, on animal cells in general and cancer cells in particular have not been described. Here, we report the effects of CAS on drug-sensitive (H69) and drug-resistant (VPA17) SCLC cells. CAS was equally cytotoxic to both cell lines (IC50 = 1 μM), indicating a lack of cross-resistance. Pre-incubation of VPA17 cells with CAS for 96 h reversed drug resistance to etoposide and doxorubicin. Synergism between CAS and EB, as well as with chemotherapy drugs, was investigated by exposure of VPA17 cells to 1:1 ratios of CAS and the other drugs at the respective IC50 values, with dilutions at 0.25 to 2.0 × IC50 and determination of the combination index (CI). CAS and EB were additive, indicating that the two drugs act on the same pathway, whereas CAS–etoposide (CI = 0.77) and CAS–doxorubicin were synergistic, indicating that CAS and the two chemotherapeutic drugs act on different pathways. Apoptosis in SCLC cells was measured by immuno-detection of single-strand DNA breaks. Following 96 h incubation of SCLC H69 cells in CAS, the level of DNA breaks was similar to measurements made after incubation in EB and etoposide, indicating that CAS is pro-apoptotic. Incubation of SCLC cells in CAS led to a time-dependent reduction (by 80%) in the transcriptional activator β-catenin. These data indicate that CAS may act via Wnt signaling. Taken together, our study reveals that CAS is pharmacologically active in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant SCLC cells.

show abstract

Establishment of Biosynthetic Pathways To Generate Castasterone as the Biologically Active Brassinosteroid in Brachypodium distachyon

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

A single-cell morpho-transcriptomic map of brassinosteroid action in the Arabidopsis root

A single-cell morpho-transcriptomic map of brassinosteroid action in the Arabidopsis root

Comprehensive Overview of the Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways: Substrates, Products, Inhibitors, and Connections

Castasterone, a Plant Steroid Hormone, Affects Human Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Reverses Multi-Drug Resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About