Establishment of assay kits for the determination of microheterogeneities of alpha-fetoprotein using lectin-affinity electrophoresis

Multicenter prospective analysis of newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma with respect to the percentage of Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive α‐fetoprotein1

“…The serum AFP concentrations were determined at each hospital by using commercially available kits. The percentage of AFP‐L3 (AFP‐L3/total AFP) was measured by each hospital with the use of lectin‐affinity electrophoresis coupled with antibody‐affinity blotting using the AFP Differentiation kit L (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd, Osaka, Japan) 10 …”

A randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma

“…AFP-L3 quantification was performed as described by Shimizu with a positive value set at AFP-L3 >15% [23]. Serum a-fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), and imaging studies (multidetector CT or dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) were performed prior to the procedure, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months after it, and every 3 months thereafter.…”

AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, and GP73 as markers for monitoring treatment response and recurrence and as surrogate markers of clinicopathological variables of HCC

“…Serum AFP levels were measured by an immunometric assay (ST AIA-PACK AFP, Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan). Serum AFP-L3 levels were measured by lectin-affinity electrophoresis coupled with antibody-affinity blotting (LBA AFP-L3, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), and were expressed by the ratio of AFP-L3 to total AFP (%) [5,12]. AFP-L3 levels were not detected when AFP concentrations were \10 ng/mL, thus AFP-L3 values were defined as 0% in this range [13].…”