Establishment of American chestnuts (Castanea dentata) bred for blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) resistance: influence of breeding and nursery grading

Clark, Stacy L.; Schlarbaum, Scott E.; Saxton, Arnold M.; Hebard, Frederick V.

doi:10.1007/s11056-015-9512-6

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Yet compared to other forest species on the verge of local extinction that have specific recommendations on field plantation sites and methods (e.g. Castanea dentata in North America; Jacobs et al 2013;Clark et al 2016), for elms there is virtually no information on the most suitable microsites, planting methods, planting dates and stock characteristics. So far, recommendations on elm plantation sites have been tentative.…”

Section: Is Sufficient Knowledge Of Elm Ecology Available To Initiatementioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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Elms (Ulmus spp.) were once dominant trees in mixed broadleaf forests of many European territories, mainly distributed near rivers and streams or on floodplains. Since ancient times they have provided important services to humans, and several selected genotypes have been massively propagated and planted. Today elm populations are severely degraded due to the negative impact of human-induced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease pathogens. Despite the death of most large elm specimens, there is no evidence of genetic diversity loss in elm populations, probably due to their ability to resprout after disease. The recovery of elm populations from the remaining diversity should build from genomic tools that facilitate achievement of resistant elm clones. Research works to date have discerned the genetic diversity of elms and are well on the way to deciphering the genetic clues of elm resistance and pathogen virulence, key findings for addressing recovery of elm populations. Several tolerant clones suitable for use in urban and landscape planting have been obtained through traditional species hybridization with Asian elms, and various native clones have been selected and used in pilot forest restoration projects. Successful reintroduction of elms should also rely on a deeper understanding of elm ecology, in particular their resilience to abiotic and biotic disturbances. However, all these efforts would be in vain without the final acceptance of elm reintroduction by the social actors involved, making it necessary to evaluate and publicize the ecosystem services elms can provide for today's society.

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Section: Is Sufficient Knowledge Of Elm Ecology Available To Initiatementioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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“…Although B 3 F 3 seeds have been distributed from these plantations for testing purposes since 2008, their blight resistance has necessarily been limited by progress in selection (Table 1). In field trials in forest settings, progeny from B 3 F 2 trees have grown significantly faster than C. mollissima seedlings and not significantly slower than C. dentata (Clark et al 2016). As of 2016, the trees in these trials are not yet large enough to support epidemics of blight, so their ''field resistance'' remains unknown.…”

Section: Progress In Breeding the Clapper And Graves Sources In The Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescue of American chestnut with extraspecific genes following its destruction by a naturalized pathogen

et al. 2016

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Following the near-obliteration of American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) by the chestnut blight early in the last century, interest in its restoration has been revived by efforts to develop a blight-resistant form of the species. We summarize progress and outline future steps in two approaches: (1) a system of hybridizing with a blight-resistant chestnut species and then backcrossing repeatedly to recover the American type and (2) transformation of American chestnut with a resistance-conferring transgene followed by propagation and conventional breeding. Several decades of effort have been invested in each approach. More work remains, but results indicate that success is within practical reach. The restoration of C. dentata to its native habitat now appears to be less a matter of time and conjecture than ever before in 90 years of work by public and private entities. The difficult and protracted task of incorporating extraspecific genes for resistance into a tree species with lethal susceptibility to a naturalized pathogen represents perhaps the most extreme of restoration challenges. Its pursuit by a small non-governmental organization supported primarily by philanthropy and volunteers may serve as a model for other species threatened by exotic pathogens or insects.

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“…These attempts have primarily focused on genetically bolstering American chestnutsts [5, 21-23]. Genetic manipulation by crossing American Chestnuts with other blight resistant species (Chinese chestnut- Castanea mollissima [Blume]) has proven difficult [4, 24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic manipulation by crossing American Chestnuts with other blight resistant species (Chinese chestnut- Castanea mollissima [Blume]) has proven difficult [4, 24]. This is likely because the blight resistant hybrids are not as robust as the American Chestnut, or because these crosses cannot sustain blight resistance in the population [4, 5, 24, 25]. One of the most advanced hybrids, BC 3 F 3 , is a third backcross generation [4, 5, 25, 26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is likely because the blight resistant hybrids are not as robust as the American Chestnut, or because these crosses cannot sustain blight resistance in the population [4, 5, 24, 25]. One of the most advanced hybrids, BC 3 F 3 , is a third backcross generation [4, 5, 25, 26]. This hybrid demonstrates desired phenotypic traits, such as a rapid growth rate, but has lower blight resistance than the Chinese chestnut [5, 25, 26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soluble material secreted from Penicillium chrysogenum isolate exhibits antifungal activity against Cryphonectria parasitica- the causative agent of the American Chestnut Blight

Florjanczyk¹,

Barnes²

2016

J Plant Pathol Microbiol

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The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once the dominant canopy tree along the eastern region of the United States. Cryphonectria parasitica, the causative agent of chestnut blight, was introduced from Asia in the early 1900's, and obliterated the chestnut population within 50 years. We sought to identify environmental microbes capable of producing factors that were fungicidal or inhibited growth of C. parasitica in the hopes developing a biological control of chestnut blight. We isolated a filamentous fungus that significantly inhibited the growth of C. parasitica upon co-cultivation. Extracellular fractions of this fungal isolate prevented C. parasitica growth, indicating that a potential fungicide was produced by the novel isolate. Sequence analysis of 18S rRNA identified this inhibitory fungus as Penicillium chrysogenum. Furthermore, these extracellular fractions were tested as treatments for blight in vivo using chestnut saplings. Scarred saplings that were treated with the P. chrysogenum extracellular fractions healed subjectively better than those without treatment when inoculated with C. parasitica. These data suggest that material secreted by P. chrysogenum could be used as a treatment for the American chestnut blight. This work may assist the reclamation of the American chestnut in association with breeding programs and blight attenuation. Specifically, treatment of small groves under the right conditions may allow them to remain blight free. Future work will explore the mechanism of action and specific target of the extracellular fraction.

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Establishment of American chestnuts (Castanea dentata) bred for blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) resistance: influence of breeding and nursery grading

Cited by 37 publications

References 78 publications

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

Rescue of American chestnut with extraspecific genes following its destruction by a naturalized pathogen

Soluble material secreted from Penicillium chrysogenum isolate exhibits antifungal activity against Cryphonectria parasitica- the causative agent of the American Chestnut Blight

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