Establishment of Acute-Phase Protein and Serum Protein Electrophoresis Preliminary Reference Values for Pronghorn (Antilocapra Americana)

Tobin, Kristen; Zimmerman, Dawn; Rasmussen, Jim; Hilton, Clayton D.; Junge, Randall E.; Armstrong, Doug P.; Gann, Whitney J.; Harveson, Louis A.; Gray, Shawn S.; Cray, Carolyn

doi:10.1638/2018-0226

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When both APP and electrophoretic data are available, the APP results often appear to be comparable or more sensitive in the detection of various clinical issues in a wide range of species, including the white-tailed deer, elephant, pronghorn, elephant seal, koala, rhinoceros, dolphin, and manatee. 76,163,[165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] However, in animals with severe inflammation, the combination of both methods to assess the acute-phase response can be helpful; significant differences in albumin, globulins, and APP were demonstrated in injured white rhinoceroses. 32,96,175 As APP reagents do not cross-react with the proteins of all mammals and are not readily available at all labs and the BCG method for albumin quantitation might not be valid, EPH can provide value in routine health assessments, as well as clinical investigations in non-domesticated mammals.…”

Section: Non -Dome S Tic Ated Mammal Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein electrophoresis of non‐traditional species: A review

Cray

2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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EPH can provide information regarding serum or plasma proteins, including albumin and globulins, that can be broadly classified based on their migration. The globulin fractions can reveal inflammation as well as polyclonal and monoclonal gammopathies. Detection of the latter, also named paraproteins, is one of the most common applications of EPH in human medicine as clinicians have a large toolbox of specific assays for various acute-phase proteins (APPs) that allow them to more specifically gauge inflammation. 1,2 In veterinary medicine, given the advances in species-specific and cross-reactive reagents for major APP in traditional species, including dogs, cats, and horses, these tools can complement the use of EPH in its valid quantitation of albumin and detection of paraproteinemia. [3][4][5][6][7][8] In non-traditional species, including birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, invertebrates, small exotic mammals, and non-domesticated mammals, EPH can also be used as an aid to the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease, but its primary use is in the detection of inflammation and polyclonal gammopathies. For many of these species, reagents are not yet available or widely validated to quantitate APPs. The valid quantitation of albumin, a key negative APP, by biochemistry analyzer methods, remains a major issue. Moreover, in non-mammalian species, as innate immunity is perhaps the essential, diverse, and robust immune response, EPH can provide even more value. 9,10 Challenges in the applications of EPH in these special species include a lack of standardization of fraction delimiter placements, RIs, and information regarding fraction composition. This paper reviews the applications of EPH in non-traditional species as well as the currently available methodology. Additional reviews on this subject with a varied focus are also available. [11][12][13][14][15] | APPLI C ATI ON S OF EPH IN NON -TR ADITIONAL S PECIE S | Detection of monoclonal gammopathyAs described in mammals, EPH is a key tool in the detection of paraproteins. 2,3 This application has also been demonstrated in nontraditional species. 16,17 In electrophoretograms of avian plasma,

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Section: Non -Dome S Tic Ated Mammal Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein electrophoresis of non‐traditional species: A review

Cray

2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…It has been recommended that 20–30 animals be included in each group, and that the presence or absence of inflammation is clear, based on clinical signs, other laboratory testing, or postmortem findings 10 . Evaluation of overlap performance is commonly performed in nondomesticated mammal APR studies, as noted in Tables 1‐4 13,14,16,22,23,32–37,39,40,42–46,50 . We recommend that to optimize this stage, clinical pathologists work closely with clinicians to gather information about the nature of the putative inflammatory disease and sample handling, such as sample type, storage conditions, number of freeze‐thaw cycles, diagnosis, chronicity of disease, a sample taken before or during treatment, availability of repeated samples from one animal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new immunoturbidometric assay using only monoclonal antibodies (VET‐SAA, Eiken, Japan) has recently been released and has been well validated in horses 54 . A prototype of this assay (SAA‐1, Eiken, Japan), has been partially validated for use in northern elephant seals, Pronghorn antelope, and Rhesus macaques 33,35,37 . Based on the authors' experience, the VET‐SAA method also shows promising cross‐reactivity with SAA in additional species not covered by LZ‐SAA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A colorimetric peroxidase assay (PHASE Haptoglobin, Tridelta Ireland) is commonly used as it has the ability to measure haptoglobin across a range of species, and has been partially validated for use in bongo, capybara, red deer, bottlenose dolphin, European bison, elephants, Iberian ibex, koala, Pronghorn antelope, Rhesus macaques, white rhinoceros, and Grant's zebra (Table 2). 14,22,30,32–34,36–40,42,46 This assay shows good linearity and repeatability, but reproducibility did not meet performance goals in some studies 34,58 . A major function of haptoglobin is to bind hemoglobin, and in vitro hemolysis in samples will cause falsely low results for haptoglobin as the protein is bound up in haptoglobin‐hemoglobin complexes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute phase reactants in nondomesticated mammals—A veterinary clinical pathology perspective

Hooijberg

Cray

2022

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Acute phase reactants (APRs) have been used to monitor health, diagnose inflammatory disease, and track response to treatment in domesticated animals for several decades. Measurement of APRs has now become part of routine clinical chemistry testing for companion animals in many areas of the world, as earlier reviews have indicated. 1,2 The increased use of APRs in domesticated animals has been paralleled by an increasing number of studies detailing the measurement and application of APRs in nondomesticated mammals.

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“…However, no reports investigating concentration of APPs in European bison are available. Although, some studies have been described in other wildlife non-bovid species, nevertheless the data is very limited [15][16][17]. The secretion of APPs is associated with the acute phase reaction (APR) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-phase protein concentrations in serum of clinically healthy and diseased European bison (Bison bonasus) – preliminary study

et al. 2022

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Background This is the first report describing levels of APPs in European bison. Serum concentration of acute phase proteins (APPs) may be helpful to assess general health status in wildlife and potentially useful in selecting animals for elimination. Since there is a lack of literature data regarding concentration of APPs in European bisons, establishment of the reference values is also needed. Methods A total of 87 European bison from Polish populations were divided into two groups: (1) healthy: immobilized for transportation, placing a telemetry collar and routine diagnostic purposes; and (2) selectively culled due to the poor health condition. The serum concentration of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and α1-acid-glycoprotein were determined using commercial quantitative ELISA assays. Since none of the variables met the normality assumptions, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for all comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica 13.3 (Tibco, USA). Results The concentration of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A was significantly higher in animals culled (euthanised) due to the poor condition in respect to the clinically healthy European bison. The levels of α1-acid-glycoprotein did not show statistical difference between healthy and sick animals. Conclusions Correlation between APPs concertation and health status was proven, therefore the determination of selected APPs may be considered in future as auxiliary predictive tool in assessing European bison health condition.

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Establishment of Acute-Phase Protein and Serum Protein Electrophoresis Preliminary Reference Values for Pronghorn (Antilocapra Americana)

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Protein electrophoresis of non‐traditional species: A review

Protein electrophoresis of non‐traditional species: A review

Acute phase reactants in nondomesticated mammals—A veterinary clinical pathology perspective

Acute-phase protein concentrations in serum of clinically healthy and diseased European bison (Bison bonasus) – preliminary study

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