Establishment of a Clonal Cell Line Producing Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor and Parathyroid Hormone‐Related Protein from a Lung Cancer Patient with Leukocytosis and Hypercalcemia

Abstract

Squamous cell lung carcinoma cells obtained from a patient who presented with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia were transplanted into nude mice anda serially transplantable cell line, OKa‐N‐1, was established. The nude mice transplanted with OKa‐N‐1 cells displayed leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. Serum levels of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) were both elevated in these mice. In vitro cultivation of this tumor cell line gave rise to a clonal cell line, OKa‐C‐1. Nude mice transplanted with the OKa‐C‐1 cell line also showed leukocytosis and hypercalcemia with high serum G‐CSF and PTHrP levels. The culture supernatant of OKa‐C‐1 contained high levels of G‐CSF and PTHrP. Immunohistochemical studies showed the expression of PTHrP in OKa‐C‐1 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of G‐CSF and PTHrP mRNA in this cell line. Dexamethasone treatment inhibited the transcription of G‐CSF and PTHrP genes. This new human squamous carcinoma cell line, OKa‐C‐1, would be useful for studying the mechanism of simultaneous production of G‐CSF and PTHrP and their control in cancer patients with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia.

Lactate dehydrogenase production and release in a newly established human myeloma cell line

“…␤-Actin was used as a housekeeping gene to control the quantity of the cDNA and PCR reactions. PCR reactions for ␤-actin were terminated at 20 cycles to achieve a dose-dependent amplification [29]. Primers used for ␤-actin were 5Ј-ACCTTCAACACCCCAGC-CATG-3Ј and 5Ј-GGCCATCTCTTGCTCGAAGTC-3Ј, generating a 309-bp fragment.…”

Primary Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Elevated IL-6, Leukocytosis, Hypercalcemia, Phagocytosis, Reactive Lymphadenopathy and Glomerular Mesangial Cell Proliferation via the Production of PTH-rP and G-CSF

“…6B). (1,(11)(12)(13)(14). All of these patients were Japanese, and such lung cancers might be more prevalent in the Asian ethnic background.…”

Regulation of Granulocyte Colony‐stimulating Factor and Parathyroid Hormonerelated Protein Production in Lung Carcinoma Cell Line OKa‐C‐1

“…7) The aim of the present study was to find common factors simultaneously regulating G-CSF and PTHrP expression in OKa-C-1 cells. We examined the effects of several agents associated with inflammation, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LPS and PMA, on G-CSF and PTHrP production in OKa-C-1 cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) by cancer cells is thought to be responsible for these paraneoplastic syndromes. [11][12][13][14][15][16] However, it remains unknown whether simultaneous occurrence of hypercalcemia and leukocytosis is coincidental or not.…”