“…Under heat stress, the activity of metabolic enzymes, such as citrate synthase, can also increase, which allows for a higher aerobic capacity (Sokolova and Pörtner, 2001;Morley et al, 2009;Kern et al, 2015). Increased metabolic rates under stressful conditions can cause animals to deplete glycogen energy stores (Santini and Chelazzi, 1995;Lim et al, 1996;Leung and Furness, 2001;Palais et al, 2011;Bjelde and Todgham, 2013;Goh and Lai, 2014) and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (Abele et al, 2002;Kültz, 2005;Han et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2014). Antioxidant defense mechanisms can be upregulated in order to deal with high levels of oxidative stress (Pannunzio and Storey, 1998;Abele et al, 2002;Malanga et al, 2004;Dong et al, 2008a;de Oliveira et al, 2015).…”