Establishing the normal ranges of female and male anal canal and rectal wall vascularity with color Doppler anorectal ultrasonography

Abstract

Study objectives To evaluate blood supply in the anal canal, rectal wall and mesorectal fat of men and women, using color Doppler endorectal sonography to establish normal ranges for vascular parameters. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary-care hospital recruited asymptomatic volunteers (≤50 years). Vascularity percentage and index were calculated for defined regions. Results Vascularity percentage and index were significantly higher in the puborectalis, mid-level external and upper internal anal sphincter compared to the low anal canal; these parameters were higher in men than in women at upper and middle levels of the inner anal canal structures. At mid-level, vascularity was greater in the external compared to the internal anal sphincter in both sexes; however, at the upper level it was greater in the puborectalis compared to the internal anal sphincter in women. Vascularity was greater in the rectal wall compared to the mesorectal fat, with no difference between middle and lower levels. Conclusions Blood supply is highest at upper levels of the anal canal; however, inner structures are better irrigated in men. Moreover, the rectal wall is better irrigated than the mesorectal fat. Establishing normal ranges may permit future comparisons of the studied structures in disease states as well as the hormonal and age related changes.

Preoperative rectal tumor embolization as an adjunctive tool for bloodless abdominoperineal excision: A case report

“…Under normal conditions, the evaluation of blood supply in the distal rectum and mesorectum shows a predominance of blood vessels within the rectal wall[ 8 ]. In rectal cancer patients contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound imaging usually reveals well vascularized masses with inhomogeneous enhancement of the contrast resulting from necrotic areas[ 9 ].…”