Establishing risk assessment on water quality for livestock

Meyer, J. A.; Casey, N.H.

doi:10.2527/af.2012-0041

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Such a range has yet to be formally established for Br -. Meyer & Casey (2012) listed particular circumstances that contribute to WQC becoming COC or PHCC. These include chronic intakes at concentrations below WQG-values if the constituents accumulate in the body, or the clearance rates are relatively low leading to an exponential accumulation until a toxicity threshold is crossed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and development of embryos of <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> treated with inorganic bromide

Lucht¹,

Casey²,

Sawosz³

2018

SA J. An. Sci.

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The range of bromide (Br-) in groundwater sources surveyed in South Africa is 0-18.4 mg/L. The research aimed to establish chicken embryo sensitivity to a range of Br treatments (mg/L) injected into fertilised Ross-308 eggs in three phases: (1) five eggs injected with 10 mg Br-/L; (2) 45 eggs divided into groups and injected with 0, 1 and 5 mg Br-/L; (3) 148 eggs divided into groups injected with 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.5, and 1 mg Br-/L. Incubation was at standard conditions. Breakout analysis was done at various stages of incubation. The mass of the embryo and of the heart, liver and brain was measured at Day 20. Statistical analysis used Statistical Analyses System® software FREQ procedure to determine the chi-square goodness-of-fit test for percentages of live or dead embryos within and between treatments. The GLM procedure was applied to test for differences in relative organ mass (g) between treatments using F-test. The results showed: (1) 10 mg Br-/L is toxic; (2) Br is lethal to embryos at concentrations >1 mg/L and toxic at 1 mg/L; and (3) embryo survival was significantly negatively correlated (R 2 =-0.92) with increasing Br concentrations. Concentrations >0.5 mg Br-/L showed greater risk on differential development. Concentrations >0.01 mg Br-/L showed potentially severe effects on developing embryos. The heart showed the greatest relative growth response followed by the brain. The no observed adverse effect level target water quality range (NOAEL-TWQR) in developing chicken embryos was 0-0.01 mg/L.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and development of embryos of <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> treated with inorganic bromide

Lucht¹,

Casey²,

Sawosz³

2018

SA J. An. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A proposed model that is based on the intakes, physiology, and environmental factors illustrates the parameters that could be included in an assessment (Casey et al, 1998a,b;Meyer, 1998;Meyer & Casey, 2012): This is essentially a metric system to estimate more accurately the probability of a WQC becoming a COC or PHCC. Text box 1 illustrates a practical approach to risk assessment.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Because Of Wqc Is Complex and Requires Observations Of A Number Of Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible alleviatory factors such as total dissolved solids and competitive water quality constituents Note the source of the sample Note the water-user group (sheep: lactating, broiler chickens: one week old, horses: endurance) Note the site-specific factors that can influence water intake -Dry rations -High physiological demand for a high water intake as with young animals, lactation, high physical activity -High altitude Note the expected or given exposure time Note the general management practices Repeat the sample and analysis for wet and dry seasons (Meyer & Casey, 2012) Casey and Meyer's ( 2001) report lists Br as having a target water quality range of 0-3 mg/L. A subsequent report (Casey & Meyer, 2006) introduced 0.01 mg/L as a WQG value to align it with similar limits.…”

Section: Text Box 1 Guide To Water Quality Constituents Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technological evolution has allowed for more sensitive testing of WQC and the capacity to identify more elements of interest to establish site-specific exposure risk. Direct comparisons between WQG reveal discrepancies in recommended 'safe values', which can be ascribed to observations from case studies with few imperative validations (Meyer & Casey, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the WQC has focused on the constituents that are potentially harmful and lead to toxicity (Meyer & Casey, 2012). Water is increasingly being recognized as a nutrient and a source of micro-minerals rather than merely a medium that promotes the uptake of nutrients from feed (Meyer & Casey, 2004;Korsten et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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