Establishing Recycling Bins Location and Allocation for Sustainable Urban Municipalities of Johor Bahru in Malaysia

Abstract

Recycling helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills besides being one of the most crucial components of the circular economy system. This good practice is carried out through reverse and forward logistic systems and is in line with two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 11 (make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable) and SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production). Since the 1970s, Malaysia's government has been committed to strengthening recycling systems, but public support has been lacking. In fact, most recyclable waste is sent to the landfill. A high degree of participation in recycling practices by the highest municipal waste generators, i.e., the household level, is critical. Encouraging waste separation at the household level, as well as providing appropriate locations for recycling facilities (such as drop-off recycling bins), could attract public participation in recycling programmes, resulting in higher recycling rates, and lowering waste sent to landfills. For this reason, this study determines the location and allocation of recycling bins within the selected household areas of Johor Bahru, an urban municipality in Malaysia, by using a mathematical model. The model was found to be capable of determining the optimal location-allocation for recycling bins to cover the study area.

Sustainable waste solutions: Optimizing location-allocation of 3R waste management sites in Gondokusuman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia through multi-maximal covering location approach

“…Ospina et al [26] developed the maximal covering bicycle network model to build a bicycle network aiming to increase cyclists' coverage while reducing the total cost of building bicycle infrastructure. Rosni et al [27] proposed a model for the allocation of recycling facilities in Seremban urban area, Malaysia, using a classical method of facility locations while considering their capacity. Medina et al [28] developed MCLM with accessibility indicators and mobile units to expand service coverage and optimize accessibility indicators at the service area of facilities.…”

Towards Sustainable City: A Covering Model for Recycling Facility Location-allocation in Nilai, Malaysia

“…Reuse, recycling, conversion, and energy transformation are examples of waste treatment strategies that provide numerous waste treatment choices so that the environmental impact is minimized (D'Sa and Patnaik, 2022) and reduced the waste disposed to landfill. Despite the fact that landfilling is the least advised option for sustainable waste management (SWM) since it increases greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming (Rosni et al, 2022) the majority of countries, including Malaysia, still adopt this approach because it is both time-and cost-effective (Ahmad et al, 2019) . In 2016, Malaysia generated 1.17 kilogram/capita/day of waste, third in ASEAN (Ghani, 2021) .…”

“…Jamiron et al (2021) and Rosni et al (2022) employed the MEXCLP approach to derive most effective recycling bin locations in urban areas of Malaysia. Jamiron et al (2021) limits on the number of bins allocated at each selected facility in Johor Bharu, whereas Rosni et al (2022) relaxed this condition that allowing for greater demand coverage with a minimal number of facility locations. Rosni et al (2022) implemented their research in the locality of Seremban.…”

“…Jamiron et al (2021) limits on the number of bins allocated at each selected facility in Johor Bharu, whereas Rosni et al (2022) relaxed this condition that allowing for greater demand coverage with a minimal number of facility locations. Rosni et al (2022) implemented their research in the locality of Seremban. Meanwhile, Wang et al (2021) employed an extended version of the MCLP to allocate recycling infrastructure in an uncertain environment.…”