Establishing normative foot posture index values for the paediatric population: a cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is an observational tool designed to measure the position of the foot. Its reliability is well established, and it provides normative reference values for the general population. However, this is not so for the paediatric population. The aim of this study is to determine FPI reference values in childhood, taking into account age and gender. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,762 school children (863 boys and 899 girls) aged 6-11 years, from Málaga, Granada and Plasencia (Spain). In every case, FPI measurements were obtained for both feet by two experienced podiatrists. A descriptive analysis was then conducted and the percentiles of the variables determined, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The consolidated FPI results for the sample population produced mean values of 3.74 (SD 2.93) points for the right foot and 3.83 (SD 2.92) for the left. The 50th percentile was 4 points for both genders and for both feet, except for the right foot among the girls, which was slightly lower, at 3 points. The 85th percentile, which is considered to represent the boundary between the normal and the pronated foot among children, was 6 points, uniformly among the subjects. Conclusions: As a normative FPI value for the paediatric population, we recommend the 50th percentile, i.e. 4 points, for children, of both genders, aged 6 years. This value progressively falls with age, to 3 FPI points for children aged 11 years. The 85th percentile for the pronated foot and the 4th percentile for the supinated foot can be considered the pathological boundary.

Effectiveness of custom-made foot orthoses vs heel lifts in children with Calcaneal Apophysitis (Sever disease): a CONSORT-compliant randomized trial

“…Results showed the generallyaccepted margins of neutral FPI-6 (0 to 4). Martínez-Nova et al (28), supported the FPI-6 results provided by Gijon-Nogueron et al (29), in healthy children. In another study, performed by James et al (17) they recruited 124 children with calcaneal apophysitis between 8 and 14 years of age.…”

“…Others interesting ndings were that children in both groups had high BMI (17), presented at feet and shortened triceps surae muscle according to FPI-6 (> 8 in both groups) (23) and Lunge Test values (< 35 o in both groups) (2,25). In the current literature we can nd several studies in which authors have analyzed the relationship between FPI-6, calcaneal apophysitis, weight and age (17,(28)(29)(30)(31). In 2015, Evans and Karimi (30), analyzed the relationship between BMI and FPI-6 in 728 overweight and healthy children between 3 and 15 years of age, they did not nd a signi cant association between BMI and at feet.…”

Prilagođeni uložak, dio 1

“…Kada su uzdužni svodovi spušteni, stopalo je spušteno ili ravno (planus) [19], [20]. Spušteno stopalo kao i kavusno stopalo (s visokim svodom) ne prenosi sile učinkovito i zato može uzrokovati bol u stopalu.…”

Interação dos fatores musculoesqueléticos com o equilíbrio de crianças e adolescentes com neuropatia sensorial e motora hereditária

“…Devido à sua progressão lenta, encontrar variáveis-resposta que se modificam em um curto espaço de tempo na CMT constitui uma das maiores dificuldades relatadas SAVERI;PISCIOTTA, 2017;VERHAMME et al, 2009) e em adultos, a responsividade da maioria das variáveis comumente usadas é baixa (Piscosquito et al, 2015). (GIJON-NOGUERON et al, 2016) que se encaminha para uma redução da pronação ao longo do crescimento (CARVALHO et al, 2017;GIJON-NOGUERON et al, 2016;CRANE;MENZ, 2008).…”

“…Valores normativos para crianças espanholas apontam para o predomínio de pés neutros ao se observar as idades entre 6 e 11 anos (GIJON-NOGUERON et al, 2016). De modo similar, uma amostra de crianças brasileiras entre 10 a 14 anos (n=1364) também revelou predomínio de pés neutros (CARVALHO et al, 2017).…”