“…The key wrds were:nurse, nurse practitioner, midwife, healthcare provider, healthcare practitioner, continuous professional education, in-service education, in-service training, continuing education, lifelong learning, professional development, workforce advancement, on the job training, staff development, continuing professional learning, mandatory and the 46 WHO Afro-region member states. Eight articles within the selected period addressed mandatory CPD in the WHO Afro-region member states ( Gross et al, 2015 , Hosey et al, 2016 , Ingwu et al, 2019 , Kelley et al, 2017 ; Leuning et al, 2016; Michel-Schuldt et al, 2018 , Mosol et al, 2017 , Viljoen et al, 2017 ). Only articles in English were included.…”