Establishing a System of Complementary School‐based Surveys to Annually Assess HIV‐related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Among Adolescents

Kann, Laura; Nelson, Gary D.; Jones, Jack T.; Kolbe, Lloyd J.

doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1989.tb05392.x

Cited by 45 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Health Risk Questionnaire incorporated items from the Health Risk Survey (Kann Nelson, Jones, & Kolbe, 1989) and the Homeless Youth Questionnaire (Johnson, Aschkenasy, Herbers, & Gillenwater 1996) which, together, address a wide range of HIV-attitudes, knowledge and risk behaviors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment outcome for street-living, homeless youth

Slesnick

Prestopnik²,

Meyers³

et al. 2007

Addictive Behaviors

149

219

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Comprehensive intervention for homeless, street living youth that addresses substance use, social stability, physical and mental health issues has received very little attention. In this study, street living youth aged 14 to 22 were recruited from a drop-in center and randomly assigned the Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) or treatment as usual (TAU) through a drop-in center. Findings showed that youth assigned to CRA, compared to TAU, reported significantly reduced substance use (37% v. 17% reduction), depression (40% v. 23%) and increased social stability (58% v. 13%). Youth in both conditions improved in many other behavioral domains including substance use, internalizing and externalizing problems, and emotion and task oriented coping. This study indicates that homeless youth can be engaged into treatment and respond favorably to intervention efforts. However, more treatment development research is needed to address the barriers associated with serving these youth. Keywordshomelessness; adolescents; substance abuse; treatment; community reinforcement approach (CRA) Treatment Outcome for Street-Living, Homeless YouthAlthough research focusing on chronic runaways and homeless youth is increasing, there is a void of treatment evaluation studies with this group. Clements, Gleghorn, Garcia, Katz, and Marx (1997) note the importance of examining street based youth as separate from more stable, shelter residing youth given the higher levels of risk behaviors among street living youth. Street living youth often do not access other institutional settings (shelters, foster care, treatment centers) or family for assistance because these systems are not perceived to meet their needs (Marshall & Bhugra, 1996). In sum, differences among street living and shelter residing youth suggest the need for different intervention foci. Different challenges are posed and different treatment strategies are needed when addressing substance use and motivation for change in a youth whose basic needs are met (shelter-residing youth) than for a youth who has trouble finding enough food to eat, a place to sleep and receiving needed medical care. Scope of the ProblemAlthough estimates are crude given that these youth do not make it into standard school or population surveys, estimates of the number of youth who leave home prematurely each year Corresponding Author Natasha Slesnick, Ph.D. Human Development and Family Science The Ohio State University 135 Campbell Hall; 1787 Neil Ave Columbus, OH 43210 Ph: 614-247-8469 FAX: 614-292-4365 Email: Slesnick.5@osu.edu 2 Using an inverse transformation of the use of hard drugs variables made the scores more normally distributed. The untransformed scores had a skewness of 1.82 and 3.02 and kurtosis of 2.49 and 8.65 for each of the assessment points (intake, 6mfu). The transformed scores skewness was 0.42 and 0.42 and kurtosis was -1.51 and -1.78 for each of the assessment points (intake, 6mfu).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment outcome for street-living, homeless youth

Slesnick

Prestopnik²,

Meyers³

et al. 2007

Addictive Behaviors

149

219

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The following sexual risk behaviors were examined: (1) ever having had sexual intercourse; (2) having had sexual intercourse with four or more partners; and (3) not having used condoms at last sexual intercourse.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use and HIV-related sexual behaviors among US high school students: are they related?

Lowry

Holtzman²,

Truman³

et al. 1994

Am J Public Health

221

123

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OBJECTIVES. This study was undertaken to examine whether use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and other illicit drugs is related to the likelihood of sexual behaviors that increase risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among youth. METHODS. The 1990 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey was used to collect self-reported information about a broad range of health risk behaviors from a representative sample of 11,631 high school students in the United States. RESULTS. Students who reported no substance use were least likely to report having had sexual intercourse, having had four or more sex partners, and not having used a condom at last sexual intercourse. Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, odds ratios for each of these sexual risk behaviors were greatest among students who had used marijuana, cocaine, or other illicit drugs. Students who had used only alcohol or cigarettes had smaller but still significant increases in the likelihood of having had sexual intercourse and of having had four or more sex partners. CONCLUSIONS. HIV prevention programs for youth should recognize that substance use may be an important indicator of risk for HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome through its association with unsafe sexual behaviors.

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“…The Health Risk Questionnaire (Slesnick et al 2006;Slesnick and Prestopnik 2005) incorporated items from the Health Risk Survey (Kann et al 1989) and the Homeless Youth Questionnaire (Johnson et al 1996), which, together, address a wide range of HIV-attitudes, knowledge and risk behaviors. Several scales of the Health Risk Survey have been found to have acceptable internal reliabilities (Ashworth et al 1992;DiClemente 1991).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequency of condom use was queried using a five point Likert scale (i.e., 1 = never; 2 = rarely; 3 = sometimes; 4 = usually; 5 = always). In the current study, we utilized the overall HIV knowledge score developed by Kann et al (1989), which includes 17 yes/no items such as, "Can a person get AIDS/HIV infection from holding hands with someone? Sharing needles used to inject drugs?…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of an integrated treatment on HIV risk behavior among homeless youth: a randomized controlled trial

Slesnick

Kang

2007

J Behav Med

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While many studies provide useful information on the risk behaviors in which homeless youth engage, few prior studies evaluate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) risk related reduction strategies. In this study, homeless youth (n = 180) were recruited from a drop-in center and randomly assigned to one of two conditions, either an integrated individual cognitive-behavioral treatment and HIV prevention intervention that focused on skills building and education or to treatment as usual. All youth were assessed at entry into the program and at 3 and 6 month follow-up points. Findings showed an interaction between treatment condition, age and time. In the interaction, youth assigned to the integrated treatment reported greater condom usage than youth assigned to treatment as usual, with younger youth assigned to treatment as usual showing no change in condom use. The number of sexual partners reported by youth in both treatment conditions was also reduced over time. However, youth in both conditions continued to engage in other high-risk behaviors. The integrated treatment findings are promising and suggest that interventions which target both HIV risk behavior in addition to other life areas (substance use, mental health and housing) among homeless youth may be necessary in order to significantly impact high-risk behaviors among this unique group.

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Establishing a System of Complementary School‐based Surveys to Annually Assess HIV‐related Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Among Adolescents

Cited by 45 publications

References 2 publications

Treatment outcome for street-living, homeless youth

Treatment outcome for street-living, homeless youth

Substance use and HIV-related sexual behaviors among US high school students: are they related?

The impact of an integrated treatment on HIV risk behavior among homeless youth: a randomized controlled trial

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