Establishing a Secure, Transparent, and Autonomous Blockchain of Custody for Renewable Energy Credits and Carbon Credits

Optimal Scheduling and Management of a Smart City Within the Safe Framework

“…2-Data Security As it was mentioned before, providing a secure energy transaction is also concerned in smart cities. The decentralized based cryptographically data transaction method so called "blockchain" has attracted many attentions in the field of power systems [25]. In this regard, a blockchain based technique in [26] is used to control cyber threats, prohibit fraud and decrease network operating costs.…”

“… Energy hub constraints The constraint (22) limits the input active power of the EH in time duration t. The available energy stored in the electrical storage of EH is presented in (23) which will not allow the charging/discharging process being deviated from the nominal capacity of the energy storage. The constraint (24) indicates the battery stored energy during each time t. The charging and discharging power limits of the battery within its maximum charge rate is represented in (25) and (26), respectively. The constraint (27) will allow the EH's energy storage to be charged or discharged during time t. The electrical and thermal power balance of EH is represented in equations (28) and 29, respectively.…”

“…Blockchain is a secure, decentralized and conceptually cyclic structure in which the nodes of the system are connected by ledgers. Recently, such technology has been perceived by the researchers for energy and data transaction within a power network [25]. Such a secure framework was against this backdrop that the data was gathered in a central point and then broadcasted through a communication link to the destination point.…”

A Three-Tier Framework for Understanding Disruption Trajectories for Blockchain in the Electricity Industry

“…[6], [8], [20], [21], [28], [25] [37], [56], [57], [62], [64], [63], [74], [10], [45], [46], [80], [81], [9], [82], [58], [59], [78] Disruptive Technology Structure, Organisation, Governance, Disintermediation.…”

“…Thus, blockchain contents cannot be refuted due to the associated timestamp. This has been proposed as tool to keep track of renewable energy credits [45] and carbon credits [46]. Furthermore, it can be used to keep track of ownership of generation equipment and electrical infrastructure, especially in shared ownership schemes, such as those discussed in Section III-C1.…”