Establishing a quality management framework for commercial inoculants containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Salomon, M.J.; Watts‐Williams, Stephanie J.; McLaughlin, Michael J.; Bücking, Heike; Singh, Brajesh K.; Hutter, I.; Schneider, Carolin; Martin, Francis; Vosátka, Miroslav; Guo, Liang; Ezawa, Tatsuhiro; Saitô, Masanori; Declerck, Stéphane; Zhu, Yan; Bowles, Timothy M.; Abbott, Lynette; Smith, Frank A.; Cavagnaro, Timothy R.; Heijden, Marcel G. A. van der

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104636

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, the major drawback of mtDNA-based markers is that they are only available for R. irrgularisis [ 101 ], and could be hindered by heteroplasmy produced by anastomosis; this may occur between compatible AMF isolates to form a hybrid consisting of both parents’ mitochondria, although it has been shown to be transient [ 110 ]. The occurrence of a hybrid progeny may affect the accuracy and interpretability of biodiversity indices, as such progenies can also form symbioses with plant roots [ 37 ].…”

Section: Monitoring Survival and Ecological Consequences Of Amf Inocu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence, long-term performance, and the impacts of introduced AMF on indigenous species are influenced by both intrinsic (e.g., inoculant quality and viability) and extrinsic factors (e.g., soil and climatic conditions), which must be factored in when selecting AMF strains for commercial production. The intrinsic factors i.e., inoculant viability can be addressed perfectly by adopting the regulatory framework proposed by Salomon et al [ 37 ] which can help forestall the proliferation of poor-quality products and win consumer confidence. However, continuous effort must be taken to monitor inoculant performance in the field under different edaphic and climatic conditions.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, most microbial inoculants are selected based on their expressed functional traits in a greenhouse, without proper consideration of the ecologically relevant traits that determine establishment and persistence under natural conditions [ 36 ]. While many cases of inoculation failures could be attributed to poor product quality stemming from the lack of regulatory or quality control frameworks that mandate best practices, resulting in a market flooded by substandard products [ 29 , 32 , 37 ], there is also lack of understanding of ecology and of the mode of action of inoculants [ 38 ]. Duell et al [ 29 ] recently demonstrated that inoculants could decouple native plant symbiosis with indigenous strains in a natural ecosystem already containing a large diversity of AMF community, without conferring additional benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential Applications of Commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants and Their Ecological Consequences

Basiru

Hijri

2022

Microorganisms

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculants are sustainable biological materials that can provide several benefits to plants, especially in disturbed agroecosystems and in the context of phytomanagement interventions. However, it is difficult to predict the effectiveness of AMF inoculants and their impacts on indigenous AMF communities under field conditions. In this review, we examined the literature on the possible outcomes following the introduction of AMF-based inoculants in the field, including their establishment in soil and plant roots, persistence, and effects on the indigenous AMF community. Most studies indicate that introduced AMF can persist in the target field from a few months to several years but with declining abundance (60%) or complete exclusion (30%). Further analysis shows that AMF inoculation exerts both positive and negative impacts on native AMF species, including suppression (33%), stimulation (38%), exclusion (19%), and neutral impacts (10% of examined cases). The factors influencing the ecological fates of AMF inoculants, such as the inherent properties of the inoculum, dosage and frequency of inoculation, and soil physical and biological factors, are further discussed. While it is important to monitor the success and downstream impacts of commercial inoculants in the field, the sampling method and the molecular tools employed to resolve and quantify AMF taxa need to be improved and standardized to eliminate bias towards certain AMF strains and reduce discrepancies among studies. Lastly, inoculant producers must focus on selecting strains with a higher chance of success in the field, and having little or negligible downstream impacts.

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Section: Monitoring Survival and Ecological Consequences Of Amf Inocu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Potential Applications of Commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants and Their Ecological Consequences

Basiru

Hijri

2022

Microorganisms

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“…The success of adding external microbes and microbial consortia needs to be monitored, as their survival and functional roles are dependent on the environmental and physical–chemical properties of each soil. For novel, ecology‐based approaches, adequate and independent quality control is crucial, since products with unsatisfactory quality can undermine the confidence of practitioners in such approaches (Salomon et al, 2022). Monitoring soil biodiversity can guide improvements in soil fertility.…”

Section: Frontiers In Soil Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in soil ecology—Insights from the World Biodiversity Forum 2022

Eisenhauer

Bender

Calderón‐Sanou

et al. 2022

J of Sust Agri & Env

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Global change is affecting soil biodiversity and functioning across all terrestrial ecosystems. Still, much is unknown about how soil biodiversity and function will change in the future in response to simultaneous alterations in climate and land use, as well as other environmental drivers. It is crucial to understand the direct, indirect and interactive effects of global change drivers on soil communities and ecosystems across environmental contexts, not only today but also in the near future. This is particularly relevant for international efforts to tackle climate change like the Paris Agreement, and considering the failure to achieve the 2020 biodiversity targets, especially the target of halting soil degradation. Here, we outline the main frontiers related to soil ecology that were presented and discussed at the thematic sessions of the World Biodiversity Forum 2022 in Davos, Switzerland. We highlight multiple frontiers of knowledge associated with data integration, causal inference, soil biodiversity and function scenarios, critical soil biodiversity facets, underrepresented drivers, global collaboration, knowledge application and transdisciplinarity, as well as policy and public communication. These identified research priorities are not only of immediate interest to the scientific community but may also be considered in research priority programmes and calls for funding.

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“…The host plant must be able to grow quickly with significant root development and should have a favorable AMF colonization affinity. Monoxenic culture offers the benefit of producing a contamination‐free biofertilizer propagule (Raimi et al., 2021; Salomon et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Efficacy of Plant Growth–Promoting Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi: Assessments in Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions

2023

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Utilizing the interactions of microorganisms with plants offers a favorable path to increase crop production and replace the use of synthetic fertilizers. Different bacteria and fungi have been used as biofertilizers to improve agricultural production, yield, and sustainability. Beneficial microorganisms can act as free-living organisms, symbiotes, and endophytes. Soil bacteria called plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and fungi called arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) stimulate the growth and health of plants by direct and indirect mechanisms including nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, phytohormone production, enzyme production, antibiotic synthesis, and induced systemic resistance. To use these microorganisms as a biofertilizer, it is necessary to assess their efficacy under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Few reports detail the methods used to develop a test under different environmental conditions, and without these details it is difficult to develop suitable methodologies to evaluate microorganism-plant relationships. We describe four protocols that go from sample preparation to testing in vitro the efficacy of different biofertilizers. Each protocol can be used to test a different biofertilizer microorganism, focusing on bacteria such as Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus sp. as well as AMF such as Glomus sp. These protocols can be used in several stages of biofertilizer development, including microorganism selection, microorganism characterization, and in vitro evaluation of efficacy for the registration process.

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Establishing a quality management framework for commercial inoculants containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 31 publications

References 79 publications

The Potential Applications of Commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants and Their Ecological Consequences

The Potential Applications of Commercial Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants and Their Ecological Consequences

Frontiers in soil ecology—Insights from the World Biodiversity Forum 2022

Biological Efficacy of Plant Growth–Promoting Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi: Assessments in Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions

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