Establishing a causal role for left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in value-directed memory encoding with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation

Neural correlates of metacognition: Disentangling the brain circuits underlying prospective and retrospective second‐order judgments through noninvasive brain stimulation

“…(2023) made use of high‐definition tDCS (HD‐tDCS) to seek evidence for the causal role of vlPFC in supporting the memory advantage for high‐value items, finding that anodal stimulation of left vlPFC significantly boosted memory encoding selectivity, that is, participants' metacognitive sensitivity, assessed through a recognition test accompanied by post‐response confidence judgments. No such effect was observed in subjects who received right vlPFC, while estimates of recollection‐ and familiarity‐based responding showed that left vlPFC stimulation specifically amplified the effects of item value on recollection (Han et al., 2023). The modulation of dorsal areas of PFC affects retrospective judgments of memory performances as well.…”

“…(2018), and two studies were excluded since participants were monkeys instead of humans (Cai et al., 2022; Washburn et al., 2010); one systematic review (Lajoie et al., 2021), one meta‐analysis (Mojtabavi et al., 2022), and two Master level dissertations were also kept out from this work. Overall, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for the data extraction process, and thus, they were included in the systematic review (Bona & Silvanto, 2014; Bor et al., 2017; Carbajal et al., 2019; Chua & Ahmed, 2016; Chua et al., 2017; Di Luzio et al., 2022; Fleming et al., 2015; Gaynor & Chua, 2017, 2019; Gogulski et al., 2017; Han et al., 2023; Hobot et al., 2023; Lapate et al., 2020; Meiron & Lavidor, 2014; Miyamoto et al., 2021; Rahnev et al., 2016; Rounis et al., 2010; Ryals et al., 2016; Schauer et al., 2020; Shekhar & Rahnev, 2018; Xue et al., 2023; Ye et al., 2018, 2019; Zizlsperger et al., 2016; Zou & Kwok, 2022).…”

“…Interesting considerations can be done with regard to metamemory, such that aPFC and dlPFC embody not only the most likely recruited brain regions in the processing of retrospective second‐order judgments about memory performances (Gogulski et al., 2017; Han et al., 2023; Meiron & Lavidor, 2014; Ryals et al., 2016) but also constitutes highly probable brain circuits underlying prospective judgments about one's own memory capacities (Carbajal et al., 2019; Chua & Ahmed, 2016; Chua et al., 2017; Gaynor & Chua, 2019; Ryals et al., 2016). This evidence opens the possibility for shared neural substrates between retrospective and prospective second‐order judgments regarding memory performances.…”

“…Overall, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for the data extraction process, and thus, they were included in the systematic review (Bona & Silvanto, 2014;Bor et al, 2017;Carbajal et al, 2019;Chua & Ahmed, 2016;Chua et al, 2017;Di Luzio et al, 2022;Fleming et al, 2015;Gaynor & Chua, 2017Gogulski et al, 2017;Han et al, 2023;Hobot et al, 2023;Lapate et al, 2020;Meiron & Lavidor, 2014;Miyamoto et al, 2021;Rahnev et al, 2016;Rounis et al, 2010;Ryals et al, 2016;Schauer et al, 2020;Shekhar & Rahnev, 2018;Xue et al, 2023;Ye et al, 2018Ye et al, , 2019Zizlsperger et al, 2016;Zou & Kwok, 2022).…”

“…Almost half the experiments, that is, seven out of 16, evaluated the effects of tES on retrospective second-order judgments, accounting for both domains of memory and perception Han et al (2023). made use of high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) to seek evidence for the causal role of vlPFC in supporting the memory advantage for high-value items, finding that anodal stimulation of left vlPFC significantly boosted memory encoding selectivity, that is, participants' metacognitive sensitivity, assessed through a recognition test accompanied by post-response confidence judgments.…”