Essential work of fracture of polypropylene and polypropylene blends over a wide range of test speeds

Grein, C.; Plummer, C. J. G.; Germain, Yves; Kausch, H. H.; Béguelin, Ph.

doi:10.1002/pen.10019

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…PWFs reported for PETG from these same studies include 7.7, 16 7.5, 10 and 8. 5 This EWF is close to that found in the present study, but the PWF is less than half that reported here. It should be noted that the vol.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…% EPR in the materials evaluated in the present study is unknown. At loading rates similar to those used in this study, Grein et al 5 found that both EWF and PWF decrease as rubber content increases.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…This energy is concentrated near the plane of fracture and crack tip. [4][5][6] Since EWF depends only on fracture surface area, it is an intrinsic material property. EWF has been regarded as a measure of ''resistance to crack initiation.''…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Essential Work of Fracture of Thermoplastic Orthodontic Retainer Materials

Pascual¹,

Beeman²,

Hicks³

et al. 2010

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To investigate whether oral cleansing agents affect the essential work of fracture (EWF) and plastic work of fracture (PWF) for two types of orthodontic thermoplastic retainer materials. Materials and Methods: Polyethylene-terephthalate-glycol (PETG; Tru-Tain Splint) and polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber (PP-EPR) blend (Essix-C+) sheets were compared. For each material, six sets of 25 sheets were thermoformed into double-edge-notched-tension specimens; subsets of five specimens were formed with internotch distances (L) equal to 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 mm, respectively. Sets were stored (160 hours, 25uC) in air (DRY), distilled water (DW), Original Listerine (LIS), mint Crest ProHealth (CPH), 3% hydrogen peroxide (HP), or Polident solution (POL). Specimens were fractured in tension at 2.54 mm/min. Areas under load-elongation curves were measured to determine total work of fracture (W f ). Linear regressions (W f vs L [n 5 25]) yielded intercepts (EWF) and slopes (PWF). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were used to evaluate differences in EWF and PWF estimates. Results: PP-EPR blends showed higher EWFs after storage in HP vs storage in DW. PP-EPR blend showed higher EWFs after storage in CPH vs PETG. After HP storage, PP-EPR exhibited lower PWFs than with any other storage conditions. PP-EPR exhibited higher PWFs than PETG after storage in DRY, DW, and LIS. Conclusions: Compared with DW, none of the cleansers decreased the energy to initiate fracture. With one exception, no cleanser decreased the energy to continue plastic fracture extension. In PP-EPR blend, increased resistance to fracture initiation was observed with CPH and HP, yet, surprisingly, HP decreased resistance to plastic fracture growth. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:554-561.)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Essential Work of Fracture of Thermoplastic Orthodontic Retainer Materials

Pascual¹,

Beeman²,

Hicks³

et al. 2010

The Angle Orthodontist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2). Any molecular process that promotes energy dissipation enhances the impact resistance of the polymer, as indicated by Kausch's statement [37]. The data obtained from the different techniques reveal that the incorporation of small amounts of PPS-NH2-g-SWCNTs favours the energy dissipation, hence improves the impact resistance of the matrix.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Towards the development of poly(phenylene sulphide) based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, electrical and tribological properties

Díez‐Pascual

Naffakh

2012

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Novel poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) nanocomposites reinforced with an aminated derivative (PPS-NH2) covalently attached to acid-treated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were prepared via simple melt-blending technique. Their morphology, viscoelastic behaviour, electrical conductivity, mechanical and tribological properties were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the grafting process was effective in uniformly dispersing the SWCNTs within the matrix. The storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency increased with the SWCNT content, tending to a plateau in the low-frequency regime. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was considerably enhanced in the range 0.1-0.5 wt% SWCNTs; electrical and rheological percolation thresholds occurred at similar nanotube concentrations. Mechanical tests demonstrated that with only 1.0 wt% SWCNTs the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the matrix improved by 51 and 37%, respectively, without decrement in toughness, ascribed to a very efficient load transfer. A moderate decrease in the friction coefficient and a 75% reduction in wear rate were found for the abovementioned nanotube loading, indicating that PPS-NH2-g-SWCNTs are good tribological additives for thermoplastic polymers. Based on the promising results obtained in this work, it is expected that these nanofillers will be used to develop highperformance thermoplastic/CNT nanocomposites for structural applications.

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“…Previous works showed that double plastic zone phenomenon was not visible for all materials and it was only reported in studies on the fracture behaviors of block copolypropylene 25,26 and blend of iPP/EPR. 27 The value of b can be determined by the ratio of h (height of plastic zone) to l, as recommended in the first EWF protocol version. 10 It is worth noting that the value of b should be determined by the height of DOPZ or IOPZ.…”

Section: Plastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of annealing on fracture behavior of poly(propylene‐block‐ethylene) using essential work of fracture analysis

Xie

Yang

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The influence of annealing conditions on the fracture behavior of poly(propylene-block-ethylene) sheets was investigated by means of the essential work of fracture method, and was complemented by the study of the effect of annealing on crystal structure, using differential scanning calorimetry. It was shown that both the crystal perfection degree and crystallinity could be improved substantially as annealing temperature (Ta) increased, while the prolonged annealing time at 808C mainly resulted in the improvement of crystallinity. The reasons for an increase in the specific essential work of fracture and a decrease in the specific plastic work item as crystal perfection degree and crystallinity grew are discussed. The displacement to failure of double edge notched tension specimens decreased gradually with increasing T a , and the double-plastic zone could be observed in all specimens. In addition, a novel method to aid the accurate measurement of intense stress-whitening outer plastic zone height by adjustment of illumination conditions is proposed.

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Essential work of fracture of polypropylene and polypropylene blends over a wide range of test speeds

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

The Essential Work of Fracture of Thermoplastic Orthodontic Retainer Materials

The Essential Work of Fracture of Thermoplastic Orthodontic Retainer Materials

Towards the development of poly(phenylene sulphide) based nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, electrical and tribological properties

Effect of annealing on fracture behavior of poly(propylene‐block‐ethylene) using essential work of fracture analysis

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