Essential TNM: a registry tool to reduce gaps in cancer staging information

Piñeros, Marion; Parkin, Donald Maxwell; Ward, Kevin C.; Chokunonga, Eric; Ervik, M; Farrugia, Helen; Gospodarowicz, Mary K.; O’Sullivan, Brian; Soerjomataram, Isabelle; Swaminathan, Rajaraman; Znaor, Ariana; Bray, Freddie; Brierley, James D.

doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30897-0

Cited by 82 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[45] Routine collection of information on diagnostic procedures performed to define stage, such as pathological examination of lymph nodes or clinical assessment using imaging for distant metastasis should be considered. In collaboration with the Union for International Cancer Control, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has also proposed the utilisation of essential TNM that will facilitate the collection of stage data in population-based cancer registries, improve international stage comparisons, and help to elucidate the causes of international variation in survival [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries 2010–2014: variation by age and stage at diagnosis (the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project)

Araghi

Arnold

Rutherford

et al. 2020

Gut

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ObjectivesAs part of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) SURVMARK-2 project, we provide the most recent estimates of colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries by age and stage at diagnosis.MethodsData from 386 870 patients diagnosed during 2010–2014 from 19 cancer registries in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK) were analysed. 1-year and 5-year net survival from colon and rectal cancer were estimated by stage at diagnosis, age and country,Results(One1-year) and 5-year net survival varied between (77.1% and 87.5%) 59.1% and 70.9% and (84.8% and 90.0%) 61.6% and 70.9% for colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Survival was consistently higher in Australia, Canada and Norway, with smaller proportions of patients with metastatic disease in Canada and Australia. International differences in (1-year) and 5-year survival were most pronounced for regional and distant colon cancer ranging between (86.0% and 94.1%) 62.5% and 77.5% and (40.7% and 56.4%) 8.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Similar patterns were observed for rectal cancer. Stage distribution of colon and rectal cancers by age varied across countries with marked survival differences for patients with metastatic disease and diagnosed at older ages (irrespective of stage).ConclusionsSurvival disparities for colon and rectal cancer across high-income countries are likely explained by earlier diagnosis in some countries and differences in treatment for regional and distant disease, as well as older age at diagnosis. Differences in cancer registration practice and different staging systems across countries may have impacted the comparisons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries 2010–2014: variation by age and stage at diagnosis (the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project)

Araghi

Arnold

Rutherford

et al. 2020

Gut

Self Cite

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“…Staging of cancer is a commonly used clinical method to determine the severity of a cancer type. The TNM staging system has been the main method used for cancer reporting for several decades 43,44 . TNM staging accounts for tumor size (T), whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes (N) and distant metastasis (M).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAM-Delam: an in vivo approach to visualize and quantify the delamination and invasion capacity of human cancer cells

Palaniappan

Šlekienė

Jonasson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the development of metastases is the major cause of cancer related death. to develop a standardized method that define the ability of human cancer cells to degrade the basement membrane, e.g. the delamination capacity, is of importance to assess metastatic aggressiveness. We now present the in vivo CAM-Delam assay to visualize and quantify the ability of human cancer cells to delaminate and invade. The method includes seeding cancer cells on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), followed by the evaluation of cancer-induced delamination and potential invasion within hours to a few days. By testing a range of human cancer cell lines in the cAM-Delam assay, our results show that the delamination capacity can be divided into four categories and used to quantify metastatic aggressiveness. our results emphasize the usefulness of this assay for quantifying delamination capacity as a measurement of metastatic aggressiveness, and in unraveling the molecular mechanisms that regulate delamination, invasion, formation of micro-metastases and modulations of the tumor microenvironment. This method will be useful in both the preclinical and clinical characterization of tumor biopsies, and in the validation of compounds that may improve survival in metastatic cancer.

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“…Any tendency to underestimate tumor diameter by rounding down to the nearest cm increases the likelihood of under-staging tumors with respect to their T category and could lead to under-treatment. This limitation of the TNM system was pointed out as early as 2006, but even recent suggestions to simplify the TNM system have overlooked this shortcoming [4,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal digit preference: a source of measurement error in breast cancer diameter reporting

et al. 2019

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Objectives: Women diagnosed with breast cancer are offered treatment and therapy based on tumor characteristics, including tumor diameter. There is scarce knowledge whether tumor diameter is accurately reported, or whether it is unconsciously rounded to the nearest half-centimeter (terminal digit preference). This study aimed to assess the precision (number of digits) of breast cancer tumor diameters and whether they are affected by terminal digit preference. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the agreement between mammographic and histopathologic tumor diameter measurements. Material and Methods: This national registry study included reported mammographic and registered histopathologic tumor diameter information from the Cancer Registry of Norway for invasive breast cancers diagnosed during 2012-2016. Terminal digit preference was assessed using histograms. Agreement between mammographic and histopathologic measurements was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: Mammographic, histopathologic, or both tumor measurements were available for 7792, 13,541 and 6865 cases, respectively. All mammographic and 97.2% of histopathologic tumor diameters were recorded using whole mm. Terminal digits of zero or five were observed among 38.7% and 34.8% of mammographic and histopathologic measurements, respectively. There was moderate agreement between the two measurement methods (ICC ¼ 0.52, 95% CI: 0.50-0.53). On average, mammographic measurements were 1.26 mm larger (95% limits of agreement: À22.29-24.73) than histopathologic measurements. This difference increased with increasing tumor size. Conclusion: Terminal digit preference was evident among breast cancer tumor diameters in this nationwide study. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential extent of under-staging and under-treatment resulting from this measurement error.

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Essential TNM: a registry tool to reduce gaps in cancer staging information

Cited by 82 publications

References 28 publications

Colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries 2010–2014: variation by age and stage at diagnosis (the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project)

Colon and rectal cancer survival in seven high-income countries 2010–2014: variation by age and stage at diagnosis (the ICBP SURVMARK-2 project)

CAM-Delam: an in vivo approach to visualize and quantify the delamination and invasion capacity of human cancer cells

Terminal digit preference: a source of measurement error in breast cancer diameter reporting

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