“…Extensive structural SEM time‐course analysis of early infection steps has been carried out for other fungal phytopatogens . Studies have been conducted on the influence of active substances and products, and the effects of active natural substances on fungal structure have been extensively reported . Similarly to the present study, conidial damage and conidial germination interference according to SEM data have been reported .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…These results support the possible action of TOH in solid substrates. Other studies have also demonstrated the ability of different EOs to prevent conidial germination, although these authors did not identify the chemical substance(s) that cause inhibition.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such metabolites may serve as promising sources of additional products to control plant disease. Consequently, much research has been conducted concerning the capability of natural products against plant pathogens . Much research has demonstrated the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) against plant pathogens, and Thymus vulgaris and Thymus spp.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consequently, much research has been conducted concerning the capability of natural products against plant pathogens . Much research has demonstrated the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) against plant pathogens, and Thymus vulgaris and Thymus spp. have regularly been shown to perform well, occasionally presenting levels of control comparable with those achieved with commercial fungicides .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Much research has demonstrated the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) against plant pathogens, and Thymus vulgaris and Thymus spp. have regularly been shown to perform well, occasionally presenting levels of control comparable with those achieved with commercial fungicides . Although examples relating to the composition of active substances obtained from plant EOs against microorganisms in food are easily found, such studies are rarely found for plant‐pathogenic fungi .…”
These findings suggest that TOH was responsible for the antifungal activity of TEO. Therefore, both the essential oil and its major substance have potential for use in the development of new phenolic structures and analogues to control Alternaria brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata.
“…Extensive structural SEM time‐course analysis of early infection steps has been carried out for other fungal phytopatogens . Studies have been conducted on the influence of active substances and products, and the effects of active natural substances on fungal structure have been extensively reported . Similarly to the present study, conidial damage and conidial germination interference according to SEM data have been reported .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…These results support the possible action of TOH in solid substrates. Other studies have also demonstrated the ability of different EOs to prevent conidial germination, although these authors did not identify the chemical substance(s) that cause inhibition.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such metabolites may serve as promising sources of additional products to control plant disease. Consequently, much research has been conducted concerning the capability of natural products against plant pathogens . Much research has demonstrated the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) against plant pathogens, and Thymus vulgaris and Thymus spp.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consequently, much research has been conducted concerning the capability of natural products against plant pathogens . Much research has demonstrated the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) against plant pathogens, and Thymus vulgaris and Thymus spp. have regularly been shown to perform well, occasionally presenting levels of control comparable with those achieved with commercial fungicides .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Much research has demonstrated the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) against plant pathogens, and Thymus vulgaris and Thymus spp. have regularly been shown to perform well, occasionally presenting levels of control comparable with those achieved with commercial fungicides . Although examples relating to the composition of active substances obtained from plant EOs against microorganisms in food are easily found, such studies are rarely found for plant‐pathogenic fungi .…”
These findings suggest that TOH was responsible for the antifungal activity of TEO. Therefore, both the essential oil and its major substance have potential for use in the development of new phenolic structures and analogues to control Alternaria brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata.
The
chemical composition of commercial Syzygium
aromaticum, Cinnamomum verum, and Laurus nobilis essential oils
as well as their antifungal activity against four pathogenic fungi
isolated from Mediterranean rice grains has been investigated. Eighty
nine compounds accounting for between 98.5 and 99.4% of the total
essential oil were identified. The phenylpropanoids eugenol (89.37
± 0.29%) and eugenol (56.34 ± 0.41%), followed by eugenol
acetate (19.48 ± 0.13%) were, respectively, the main compounds
in clove and cinnamon essential oils, whereas large amounts of the
oxygenated monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (58.07 ± 0.83%) and α-terpinyl
acetate (13.05 ± 0.44%) were found in bay leaf essential oil.
Clove and cinnamon oils showed the best antifungal activity results
against all tested fungi. Against Alternaria alternata, clove essential oil displayed the best antifungal effect, whereas
against Curvularia hawaiiensis, cinnamon
essential oil was more active. Both essential oils showed a similar
antifungal effect towards Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium oxysporum. In vitro
studies in inoculated rice grains showed that clove and cinnamon totally
inhibited pathogenic fungal development after 30 days of incubation.
In vivo studies showed that eugenol used with a polysaccharide such
as agar–agar formed a fine coat which wraps the inoculated
rice grains, creating a natural biofilm and reducing the development
of all pathogenic fungi (80–95%) for 30 days.
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