Essential Oils of Tagetes minuta and Lavandula coronopifolia from Djibouti: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxic Activity against Various Human Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

The chemical composition of the essential oils of two plants (Tagetes minuta L. and Lavandula coronopifolia L.) harvested from the Day region (in the north of Djibouti) is the subject of this study. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by hydrodistillation, and the average yield was obtained at a rate of approximately 0.25% for Tagetes minuta L. and 0.42% for Lavandula coronopifolia L. The analyses of these essential oils by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry identified 13 compounds in the essential oil of Tagetes minuta L., including dihydrotagetone (20.8%), artemisia (17.9%), (Z)-tagetenone (12.4%), (-)-spathulenol (11.0%) and estragole (9.5%), were obtained as majority compounds, with a percentage of 71.6%. The essential oil of Lavandula coronopifolia L. is characterized by the presence of 42 compounds, including cis-caryophyllene (18.9%), dehydronerolidol (12.8%), isolongifolanone (11.2%), caryophyllene oxide (8.2%), 10-epi-β-eudesmol (7.7%) and humulene (5.1%), were obtained as the majority chemical constituents, with a percentage of 63.9%. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils at concentrations of 5% were measured against 12 bacterial strains (Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC 27956), Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium sp.; Gram Negative: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606), Shigella sonnei (ATCC 9290), Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium (ATCC 13311) and Enterobacter cloacae), and the results of in vitro experiments showed inhibitory effects against most strains tested except Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus agalactiae. Additionally, both oils were tested for their ability to selectively kill 13 human cancer cells (K562, A549, HCT116, PC3, U87-MG, MIA-Paca2, HEK293, NCI-N87, RT4, U2OS, A2780, MRC-5 and JIMT-T1), and the results obtained, according to the values of IC50, show the significant activity of two essential oils, particularly on the HCT116 and A2780 lines, which present values between 0.25 µg/mL and 0.45 µg/mL, respectively.

Ammoides pusilla Aerial Part: GC-MS Profiling and Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Biological Activities

“…Analyses of cyclohexane extract (Table 3) demonstrated the presence of nine compounds, of which four were already identified in our essential oil (perilla aldehyde, o-cymene, 3-carene, and terpinen-4-ol). Furthermore, we found in this extract: thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl-S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester, identified in the methanol extract of wild mushroom [14], 9-octadecenoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester, cis, which was already identified in Lavandula coronopifolia essential oil [15], and D-verbenone [16]. Thymol was identified in methanol extract; it was also identified in the essential oil of A. pusilla [3].…”

An Overview of Cancer in Djibouti: Current Status, Therapeutic Approaches, and Promising Endeavors in Local Essential Oil Treatment

“…In the specific context of the utilization of Djibouti's essential oils in cancer treatments, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) serves as a mathematical tool aimed at unraveling intricate interdependencies among diverse parameters. The primary aim within this framework was to effectively visualize and consolidate data concerning the efficacy of IC50 values, as previously referenced, pertaining to Djibouti's essential oils, along with vinblastine, doxorubicin, combrestatin A4, and monomethylauristatin E [19][20][21][22]. This endeavor was carried out to highlight divergences in values observed across the tested cancer cell lines, thereby facilitating a concise and comprehensible presentation.…”

“…With this perspective in mind, our study focused on evaluating the therapeutic potential of seven essential oils extracted from local medicinal plants in Djibouti as potential treatments against cancer. To provide context to our research, we compared these extracts to active compounds commonly used in cancer treatment protocols [19][20][21][22].…”

Exploring the Potent Anticancer Activity of Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds: Mechanisms and Prospects for Future Cancer Therapy

“…Although significant progress has been made in comprehending the mechanisms of cell transformation, cancer continues to pose a significant global health challenge, primarily due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in transformed cells. Cellular plasticity and flexibility, as well as high exposure to anticancer drugs, make tumors resistant [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. EOs whose antitumor properties have been known since antiquity through empirical studies, have been the subject of numerous publications confirmed by in vitro studies, showing their cytotoxic action against different tumor cell lines ( Table 1 ).…”