Changes in microbial community and physicochemical traits of chicken summer
sausage made from spent layer thigh added with different level (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%,
and 0.5% w/w) of ground chopi (Zanthoxylum piperitum) during
manufacture were analyzed. The microbial community was profiled and analyzed by
sequencing 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq. Samples were taken from raw
sausage batter, after 15 h of fermentation, 8 h of cooking including cooling
down, and 7 d of drying. The final pH of the sausage was reduced by the addition
of ground chopi. However, no clear effect on water activity was observed. Ground
chopi inhibited the development of red curing color after fermentation as it
exhibited antimicrobial effect. However, the effect on species richness and
microbial composition after cooking was unclear. Ground chopi delayed lipid
oxidation during manufacture and the effect was dependent on the addition level.
Fermentation reduced the species richness with a dominancy of lactic acid
bacteria. The profile of microbiota in the raw batter was different from other
stages, while the closest relationship was observed after cooking and drying.
Proteobacteria was predominant, followed by
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in raw
samples. Firmicutes became dominating after fermentation and so
forth, whereas other predominant phylum decreased. At genus level, unclassified
Lactobacillales was the most abundant group found after
fermentation and so forth. Therefore, the overall microbial composition aspects
were mainly controlled during fermentation by the abundance of lactic acid
bacteria, while bacterial counts and lipid oxidation were controlled by cooking
and the addition of ground chopi.