Essential Oils and Trichoderma Harzianum as an Integrated Control Measure Against Faba Bean Root Rot Pathogens

Abstract

Essential Oils andTrichoderma Harzianumas an Integrated Control Measure Against Faba Bean Root Rot PathogensCarnation, caraway, thyme, peppermint and geranium essential oils have been found to have inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth ofFusarium solani,Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotium rolfsiiandMacrophomina phaseolinaunderin vitroconditions. Complete inhibition of fungal growth was observed with the use of 4% carnation and geranium oils. Mycelial growth of the tested fungi showed more sensitivity to high concentrations of thyme than to caraway and peppermint oils. Moreover, essential oils used to coat seeds resulted in a significant reduction of root rot incidence of bean, at both pre- and post-emergence stages under greenhouse conditions. Under field conditions seeds coated with essential oils at a concentration of 4% sown in soil treated with the bio-agentTrihoderma harzianum, gave pronounced protection to emerged bean seeds against the invasion of root rot pathogenic fungi. Compared to the control, the above treatment resulted in a reduction of disease incidence at the pre-emergence stage. This reduction was calculated to be between 47.3 and 55.4% compared with a 16.1% reduction with the use of the Rizolex-T treatment. At the post-emergence stage, all applied treatments were able to reduce the percentage of root-rot incidence. Reduction ranged between 41.4 and 47.1% over the untreated control. Reduction in disease incidence was reflected in a yield increase of 15.1-28.8% and 40.1-50%, in seeds coated with one of the different essential oils, or combined withT. harzianumsoil treatments, in the respective order. Seeds coated with the fungicide Rhizolex-T caused a yield increase estimated as 11.3% over the check treatment. These results show that application of essential oils in integration with the bio-agentT. harzianummay be considered as an applicable, safe and cost-effective method for controlling such soilborne diseases.

Biological Control of Groundnut Root Rot in Farmer’s Field

“…Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum in a pot culture study reduced the collar rot incidence in groundnut caused by A. niger (Gajera et al, 2011). Application of essential oils integration with the bio-agent T. harzianum was found to be suitable, safe and cost-effective for controlling soil borne diseases like Faba bean root rot (Abdel-Kader et al, 2011). Similar observations were recorded with other species of Trichoderma for controlling soil-borne diseases.…”

“…are widely used in agriculture as biopesticides, bioprotectants, biostimulants, and biofertilizers on a wide variety of plants (Harman & Kubicek, 1998). It has been found from different research works that Trichoderma can reduce the disease incidence caused by Aspergillus niger (Gajera et al, 2011;Rajkonda et al, 2011), Aspergillus flavus (Reddy et al, 2009), Sclerotium rolfsii (Abdel-Kader et al, 2011;Manjula et al, 2004), Pythium aphanidermatum (Devaki et al, 1992;Sharma & Sain, 2003, 2006Mishra, 2010), Rhizoctonia solanii (Abdel-Kader et al, 2011;Gveroska & Ziberoski, 2011). Both T. viride and T. harzianum were found to be capable of reducing the sclerotial population of M. phaseolina (Sharma, 1982;Sharma & Dureja, 2004).…”

Effect of Intercropping and Phosphorus Fertilizer Treatments on Incidence of Rhizoctonia Root-Rot Disease of Faba Bean

“…It is infested with many fungal pathogens causing considerable yield losses where dampingoff, root-rot, wilted diseases affecting faba bean production in Egypt Abdel- Kader et al, (2011). In this study induced resistance against root-rot were shown when intercropping and fertilization also decreased the fungal growth of R. soloni in vivo.…”

In vitro antifungal potential of Bacillus spp.: Isolates as biocontrol agents

“…Danas postoji sve veće interesovanje za etarskim uljima kao mogućoj zameni za konvencionalne sintetičke fungicide u cilju zaštite kultivisanih biljaka od fitopatogenih gljiva, zbog njihove opšte prihvaćenosti od potrošača, relativne bezbednosti za upotrebu i ekološke prihvatljivosti [34]. Literaturni podaci ukazuju na efikasnost i primenu kako etarskih ulja, tako i izolata roda Bacillus u zaštiti povrtarskih biljaka od strane fitopatogenih gljiva, tretmanom zemljišta u kome će biljka rasti, tretiranjem korena biljaka i/ili prskanjem listova [34,35] ili tretmanom etarskim uljima u prevenciji suzbijanja fungalnih infekcija semena [36].…”

“…Tako je kombinacijom B. amyloliquefacijens i etarskog ulja limunske trave (Cymbopogon citrates) postignut izostanak fitopatogenih oboljenja na skladištenim breskvama sinergističkim dejstvom ovih bioloških agenasa [35]. Takođe, visoka efikasnost u prevenciji kontaminacije patogenim gljivama povrtarskih biljaka postignuta je integrisanim tretmanom zemlje kombinacijom gljive antagoniste i odabranih etarskih ulja, poput kima, timijana, nane i geranijuma [34]. Sinergizam u antifungalnoj aktivnosti lipopeptidnog ekstrakta i etarskih ulja može se tražiti u hemijskoj strukturi ovih agenasa i aktivnosti usmerenoj ka citoplazmatičnoj membrani.…”