Essential Oils and Their Vapors as Potential Antibacterial Agents against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Ács, Kamilla; Bencsik, Tímea; Böszörményi, Andrea; Kocsis, Béla; Horváth, Györgyi

doi:10.1177/1934578x1601101121

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for all EOs were evaluated against M. haemoltyica L024A using the broth macrodilution method as described by Ács et al . () and Jorgensen and Turnidge () with some modifications. Briefly, each EO was diluted in DMSO.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogensMannheimia haemolytica,Pasteurella multocidaandHistophilus somniand have limited effects on commensal bacteria and turbinate cellsin vitro

et al. 2019

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Aims The objective of this study was to determine antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens and nasopharyngeal commensal bacteria, as well as cytotoxicity in bovine turbinate (BT) cells in vitro. Methods and Results The chemical composition of 16 EOs was determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. All EOs were first evaluated for growth inhibition of a single BRD pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 strain (L024A). The most inhibitory EOs (n = 6) were then tested for antimicrobial activity against multidrug‐resistant strains of M. haemolytica (serotypes 1, 2 and 6); the BRD pathogens Pasteurella multocida and Histophilus somni, as well as commensal bacteria that were isolated from the nasopharynx of feedlot cattle. The cytotoxicity of 10 EOs was also evaluated using a BT cell line. The EOs ajowan, thyme and fennel most effectively inhibited all BRD pathogens tested including multidrug‐resistant strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ≤0·025% (volume/volume, v/v). For these EOs, the MIC was 2–32 fold greater against commensal bacteria, compared to BRD‐associated pathogens. No cytotoxic effects of EOs against BT cells were observed within the tested range of concentrations (0·0125–0·4%, v/v). Conclusions The EOs ajowan, thyme and fennel inhibited M. haemolytica, P. multocida and H. somni at a concentration of 0·025% and had minimal antimicrobial activity against nasopharyngeal commensal bacteria and cytotoxicity against BT cells. Significance and Impact of the Study This study demonstrated that EOs may have potential for intra‐nasal administration to mitigate bovine respiratory pathogens in feedlot cattle.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogensMannheimia haemolytica,Pasteurella multocidaandHistophilus somniand have limited effects on commensal bacteria and turbinate cellsin vitro

et al. 2019

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“…The chemical composition of the EOs was determined and published by our research group previously in 2016. The detailed conditions of GC-FID were described there [11]. Because the vapor of the EOs were used in the VPT, they were also analysed by sHS-SPME-GC-MS. sHS-SPME analysis is an effective and flexible analysis for the rapid characterization of the main components of the volatile fraction of plants [12].…”

Section: Headspace-solid Phase Microextraction (Shs-spme) Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments were based on the recommendations of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology associated with modifications published before [11,13]. From each EO, 5% emulsions were made with either 0.2% of Polysorbate 80 or DMSO.…”

Section: Broth Macrodilution Test (Bdt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial activity evaluation of selected essential oils in liquid and vapor phase on respiratory tract pathogens

Ács

Balázs

Kocsis

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the fact of antibiotic resistance is leading to a continuous need for discovering alternative treatments against infections, e.g. in the case of respiratory tract diseases. Essential oils (EOs), because of their volatility, can easily reach both the upper and lower parts of the respiratory tract via inhalation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the antibacterial evaluation of clove, cinnamon bark, eucalyptus, thyme, scots pine, peppermint, and citronella EOs against respiratory tract pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. mutans, S. pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Furthermore, we wanted to compare the antibacterial effect of these EOs in two different test systems to provide data for the development of an appropriate product formulation.MethodsMinimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with in vitro vapor phase test (VPT) and broth macrodilution test (BDT). The chemical and percentage compositions of the EOs were determined by GC-MS and GC-FID analysis.ResultsAmong the EOs, thyme was the most effective against S. mutans (MIC: 0.04 mg/mL in BDT, but cinnamon bark and clove oils also presented high inhibition in liquid medium with MIC values of 0.06 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL against S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, respectively. M. catarrhalis was the most sensitive to thyme EO (MIC: 0.09 mg/mL). Cinnamon bark EO was the most effective against Haemophilus spp. (MIC: 0.06 mg/mL). In the VPT, cinnamon bark was the most effective oil against all investigated pathogens with MIC values in the range of 15.62–90 μl/L. Surprisingly, the eucalyptus and scots pine showed weak activity against the test bacteria in both test systems.ConclusionsThe EO of thyme, clove and cinnamon bark may provide promising antibacterial activity against respiratory tract pathogens either in liquid medium or in vapor phase. However, their effect is lower than that of the reference antibiotics. The combination of EOs and antibiotics may be beneficial in the alternative treatment of respiratory tract diseases. In vivo studies are necessary to calculate the effective dose of EOs in patients and determine their possible side effects and toxicity.

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“…The genetic deletion of the receptor does not directly predict prophylactic or therapeutic potential of TRPA1 agonists or antagonists. However, the activation of TRPA1 by commonly inhaled substances, e.g., cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol [7] (components of cinnamon or thyme essential oils) could be beneficial against acute inflammatory changes of the lung, additionally considering their antimicrobial potentials against pathogens predominant in airway infections [86].…”

Section: Endotoxin-induced Acute Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Regulatory Role of the TRPA1 Receptor in Acute and Chronic Airway Inflammation Mouse Models

Hajna

Csekő

Kemény

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) cation channel expressed on capsaicin-sensitive afferents, immune and endothelial cells is activated by inflammatory mediators and exogenous irritants, e.g., endotoxins, nicotine, crotonaldehyde and acrolein. We investigated its involvement in acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation using Trpa1 gene-deleted (Trpa1−/−) mice. Acute pneumonitis was evoked by intranasal Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) administration, chronic bronchitis by daily cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) for 4 months. Frequency, peak inspiratory/expiratory flows, minute ventilation determined by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography were significantly greater, while tidal volume, inspiratory/expiratory/relaxation times were smaller in Trpa1−/− mice. LPS-induced bronchial hyperreactivity, myeloperoxidase activity, frequency-decrease were significantly greater in Trpa1−/− mice. CSE significantly decreased tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory/expiratory flows in wildtypes, but not in Trpa1−/− mice. CSE remarkably increased the mean linear intercept (histopathology), as an emphysema indicator after 2 months in wildtypes, but only after 4 months in Trpa1−/− mice. Semiquantitative histopathological scores were not different between strains in either models. TRPA1 has a complex role in basal airway function regulation and inflammatory mechanisms. It protects against LPS-induced acute pneumonitis and hyperresponsiveness, but is required for CSE-evoked emphysema and respiratory deterioration. Further research is needed to determine TRPA1 as a potential pharmacological target in the lung.

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Essential Oils and Their Vapors as Potential Antibacterial Agents against Respiratory Tract Pathogens

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Essential oils inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogensMannheimia haemolytica,Pasteurella multocidaandHistophilus somniand have limited effects on commensal bacteria and turbinate cellsin vitro

Essential oils inhibit the bovine respiratory pathogensMannheimia haemolytica,Pasteurella multocidaandHistophilus somniand have limited effects on commensal bacteria and turbinate cellsin vitro

Antibacterial activity evaluation of selected essential oils in liquid and vapor phase on respiratory tract pathogens

Complex Regulatory Role of the TRPA1 Receptor in Acute and Chronic Airway Inflammation Mouse Models

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