Essential Oils and Microbial Communication

Nazzaro, Filomena; Fratianni, Florinda; d’Acierno, Antonio; Coppola, Raffaele; Ayala-Zavala, Fernando Jesus; Cruz, Adriano G.; Feo, Vincenzo De

doi:10.5772/intechopen.85638

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Indeed, this compound alters cell membrane, inhibits respiratory chain and attenuates genes expression involved in bacterial resistance 32 in several positive and negative strains 53,54 . Moreover, carvacrol can also inhibit the bacterial communication by interfering quorum sensing signalling pathways, which are involved on the establishment of biofilm formation and bacterial resistance to antibiotics 55 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological investigation ofAjuga ivaessential oils collected at three phenological stages

Bouyahya

Omari

Belmehdi

et al. 2020

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Ajuga iva (A iva) is a medicinal plant used mainly in traditional medicine. This study was aimed to identify the volatile compounds of A iva essential oils (AIEO) at three developmental periods, and to evaluate their pharmacological properties. Chemical volatile compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. Twenty‐eight volatile components were identified, belonging mainly to oxygenated monoterpenes and hydrocarbons monoterpenes. Carvacrol, octadecane, methyl chavicol were the major volatile components of AIEO at the three phenological stages. FRAP, DPPH and ABTS assays were adopted to estimate the antioxidant effects. AIEO at the vegetative stage exhibited important antioxidant effects with IC50 = 52.43 μg/mL (DPPH), IC50 = 115.22 μg/mL (FRAP), and, IC50 = 143.40 μg/mL (ABTS). The antidiabetic activity was evaluated in vitro by the inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. AIEO at the vegetative stage was the most active as an enzyme inhibitor of α‐amylase (IC50 = 101.727 μg/mL) and α‐glucosidase (IC50 = 86.93 μg/mL). The dermatoprotective effect was investigated by the in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase activities. AIEO at the vegetative stage showed the lowest IC50 inhibition values against tyrosinase (IC50 = 87.49 μg/mL) and elastase (IC50 = 192.21 μg/mL). Antifungal properties of AIEO were investigated on Trichophyton violaceum, T tonsurans and T mentagrophytes. The three EOs of A iva exhibited important inhibitions of the tested dermatophytes. The findings of this work showed that phenological stages affect significantly the volatile compounds of A iva, and these fluctuations influence mainly the biological properties. Moreover, further investigations concerning in vivo pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations as well as clinical trials of these identified compounds could develop antidiabetic, dermatoprotective and anti‐dermatophyte drugs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological investigation ofAjuga ivaessential oils collected at three phenological stages

Bouyahya

Omari

Belmehdi

et al. 2020

Flavour & Fragrance J

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“…Recently, it has been demonstrated that a stress induced by thymol influences the S. typhimurium proteome, downregulating genes involved in chemotaxis, motility, and virulence [20]. In addition, it is reported that these substances can affect quorum sensing of bacteria [40], which, in turn, controls virulence factor production [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol and Carvacrol Downregulate the Expression of Salmonella typhimurium Virulence Genes during an In Vitro Infection on Caco-2 Cells

Giovagnoni

Rossi²,

Tugnoli³

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Salmonella typhimurium is one of the major bacteria responsible for gastroenteritis in humans caused by foodborne pathogens. As pork is one of the main routes of transmission, bioactive compounds used as feed additives may be an important strategy to control Salmonella typhimurium. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of several organic acids and nature identical compounds against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC®® 6994™. Moreover, the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of thymol and carvacrol in counteracting a Salmonella typhimurium in vitro infection on Caco-2 cells was evaluated, focusing on the maintenance of the epithelial barrier and the alteration of Salmonella virulence genes. The results showed a protective effect of the compounds on the integrity of the intestinal monolayer, improving transepithelial electrical resistance and bacterial translocation compared to the non-treated cells. A real-time PCR study highlighted a significant downregulation of the main virulence genes of Salmonella (hilA, prgH, invA, sipA, sipC, sipD, sopB, sopE2). These findings indicate that thymol and carvacrol could be good candidates for the control of Salmonella typhimurium in pigs.

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“…Nazzaro et al . (2019) added that terpenoids (carvacrol, linalyl acetate, linalool, thymol, geraniol, piperitone and menthol citronellal) have antibacterial effects due to the presence of functional group on the bacterium outer membrane, leading to changing the membrane fluidity and/or permeability and altering their periplasmic enzymes and protein content. This came on line with Helander et al .…”

Section: Antibacterial Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oregano herb and its derivatives as immunomodulators in fish

Alagawany

Farag

Salah

et al. 2020

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The motivation behind this article is to give point‐by‐point data about the beneficial applications of oregano feed supplement in fish diets as immunomodulators, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic. Use of this plant as feed additive plays an important role in the fish diet when compared to other synthetic feed additives. Oregano is rich in phytochemical compounds including carvacrol and thymol in addition to other phenolic compounds with antioxidant and immune‐enhancing activities. Origanum vulgare extract improved the immunological responses and enhanced non‐specific immunity. Also, non‐specific immunity and the lysosomal activity were significantly increased in rainbow trout fed diet enriched with 3.0 mL essential oil of Origanum onites L kg−1 diet for 60 days. Furthermore, non‐specific immune stimulant, antioxidant and nitric oxide activities were improved due to O. vulgare oil supplementation. In some recent studies, Origanum heracleoticum L essential oil as a growth enhancer increased the antioxidant status. In rainbow trout, the hepatic levels of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant capacity increased by feeding diet enriched with 6 and 10 g kg−1 diet of O. vulgare extract. Therefore, the addition of oregano and/or derivatives as a dietary supplement in fish diet may promote growth and enhance the immunity and health of fish and this will be useful for nutritionists, physiologists and veterinarians.

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Essential Oils and Microbial Communication

Cited by 20 publications

References 113 publications

Pharmacological investigation ofAjuga ivaessential oils collected at three phenological stages

Pharmacological investigation ofAjuga ivaessential oils collected at three phenological stages

Thymol and Carvacrol Downregulate the Expression of Salmonella typhimurium Virulence Genes during an In Vitro Infection on Caco-2 Cells

The role of oregano herb and its derivatives as immunomodulators in fish

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