Essential Oil of Eucalyptus Gunnii Hook. As a Novel Source of Antioxidant, Antimutagenic and Antibacterial Agents

Abstract

Abstract:The present study describes radical scavenging capacity (RSC), antimutagenic and antibacterial properties of the essential oil (EO) of the leaves of Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. (Southern Montenegro). Chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). In oil, 1,8-cineole (67.8%) and α-pinene (14.12%) were the major compounds comprising almost 82% of total EO. EO exhibited moderate DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity, with IC50 value of 7.19 µL/mL. The antimutagenic properties were assayed against the spontaneous and t-BOOH-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli IC202 oxyR mutant strain, deficient in removing radical oxygen species (ROS). Reduction of the spontaneous mutagenesis in the presence of E. gunnii EO was only slight, up to 12% at the highest concentration tested. However, when the oxidative mutagen was used, EO displayed more significant reduction of mutagenesis (maximum 23%) in a concentration dependent manner. Antibacterial activity was tested against the selected strains from ATTC and NCIB collections: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2014, 19 19008Micrococcus flavus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the two Escherichia coli strains from our laboratory collection (SY252 and IB112) using both the disk-diffusion and MIC assays. The greatest sensitivity was shown by M. flavus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli lpcA (MIC = 0.83 mg/mL), while the highest resistance was shown by E. coli (ATTC 25922) and S. epidermidis. This study represents the first report on chemical composition and biological activity of the Eucalyptus gunnii in the South Balkan region and beyond.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Leptospermum petersonii and Eucalyptus gunnii

“…The chemical composition of the analyzed E. gunnii EO is quite similar to data reported in literature. 1,8 Cineole was confirmed as the main component, as described in previous studies, with a percentage ranging from 17.9 to 67.8% (Lucia et al, 2008;Bugarin et al, 2014). Conversely, spathulenol (16.5%) was reported as the major component of E. gunnii EO from Tunisia (Elaissi et al, 2011) and it was identified also in E. gunnii EO from Argentina with a percentage of 12.3% (Lucia et al, 2008).…”

“…In light of this, it could be used as an alternative insecticidal strategy, leading to the development of biodegradable and nontoxic products (Purwatiningsih et al, 2012). Several studies reported the antifungal activity of the EO of L. petersonii on Candida albicans and several Aspergillus species (Hood et al, 2010;Kim and Park, 2012) and its antibacterial efficacy (Lis-Balchin et al, 1996;Demuner et al, 2011;Bugarin et al, 2014;Van Vuuren et al, 2014).…”

“…Although Eucalyptus EO has a widely ascertained spectrum of biological activities including anti-microbial, fungicidal, insecticidal/insect repellent, herbicidal, acaricidal, and nematicidal (Batish et al, 2008), few papers have reported the Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; EO(s), essential oil(s); FE-SEM, fieldemission-scanning electron microscopy; FID, flame ionization detector; GC, gas chromatography; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; MS, mass spectrometry; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; SD, standard deviation. chemical composition or properties of E. gunnii EO (Lucia et al, 2008;Elaissi et al, 2010;Bugarin et al, 2014). It has a weak antiinflammatory effect (Dhakad et al, 2018) and major antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared to EOs from other species of Eucalyptus genus (Elaissi et al, 2010;Salehi et al, 2019).…”

Antigenotoxicity protection of Carapa guianensis oil against mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow

“…Actually, a growing number of studies have identified different plants extracts with antigenotoxic potential, such as: Mentha longifolia (Al-Ali et al 2014), Dioscorea pentaphylla (Prakash et al 2014), Lilium candidum (Jovtchev et al 2014), Eucalyptus Gunnii (Bugarin et al 2014), Camellia sinensis (Bhattacharya et al 2014), Curcuma longa (Liju et al 2014), Celtis iguanaea (Borges et al 2013), Solanum paniculatum (Vieira et al 2013), Synadenium umbellatum (Melo-Reis et al 2011), Ginkgo biloba (Vilar et al 2009), and others. Thus, there has been growing interest in finding and using natural plant products to reduce genotoxic and/or carcinogenic effects.…”

Impact of geographic’s variation on the essential oil yield and chemical composition of three Eucalyptus species acclimated in Tunisia

“…Furthermore, allelopathic effect of this essential oil against many weeds was also reported by many researchers (Batish et al, 2004;Verdeguer et al, 2009;Rassaeifar et al, 2013). Eucalyptus essential oil was also reported as an effective anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimutagenic, insecticide, nematocide and acaricide oil (Batish et al, 2008;Bugarin et al, 2014;Rossi & Palacios, 2015).The Eucalyptus essential oils can be obtained by different methods, such as hydrodistillation, supercritical CO2 extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and vacuum extraction by solvents. These methods affect the final yield of the oil and it varied from 0.1± 0.1 to 5.7±0.5 7% (Elaissi et al, 2010a;Elaissi et al, 2010b).…”