Essential oil-mediated glycerosomes increase transdermal paeoniflorin delivery: optimization, characterization, and evaluation in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

In this study, a novel glycerosome carrier containing essential oils was prepared for topical administration of paeoniflorin (PF) to enhance its transdermal drug delivery and improve drug absorption in the synovium. The formulation of glycerosomes was optimized by a uniform design, and the final vehicle was composed of 5% (w/v) phospholipid, 0.6% (w/v) cholesterol, and 10% (v/v) glycerol, with 2% (v/v) Speranskia tuberculata essential oil (STO) as the transdermal enhancer. The in vitro transdermal flux of PF loaded in the STO-glycerosomes was 1.4-fold, 1.6-fold, and 1.7-fold higher than those of glycerosomes, liposomes, and tinctures, respectively. In vivo studies showed that the use of STO-glycerosomes was associated with a 3.1-fold greater accumulation of PF in the synovium than that of common glycerosomes. This finding was confirmed by in vivo imaging studies, which found that the fluorescence intensity of Cy5.5-loaded STO-glycerosomes in mice knee joints was 1.8-fold higher than that of the common glycerosomes 5 h after administration. The glycerosomes mediated by STO exhibited considerable skin permeability as well as improved drug absorption in the synovium, indicating that STO-glycerosomes may be a potential PF transdermal delivery vehicle for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis caused by synovium lesions.

The design optimization of Chinese medicinal compound for the treatment of co-infection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia Coli

“…The optimization design of multi-component drug based on the active ingredients of TCM is an effective way to inherit the advantages of TCM formulation and develop modern TCM [22]. As the complexity of components in TCM formulation, the application of statistical experimental design methods and mathematical models may greatly help to effectively search for effective drug combinations [23]. Hence, the method of UD and multi-indexes evaluation were used in the traditional Chinese medicine treatment experiment in this study.…”

Glycerosomes: Advanced Liposomal Drug Delivery System

“…Glycerosomes are found to be more stable and possess greater fluidity then liposomes and hence are predominantly used as topical drug delivery systems [23] . Glycerol ameliorates the deformability index of liposomal bilayers, thus enhancing skin penetration [23,25] .…”

“…Glycerosomes have till now been suggested for topical and skin drug delivery. It is a completely harmless and non-toxic method of drug delivery [23,25,[27][28][29][30] .…”

Anti-Epileptic Drug Loaded Niosomal Transdermal Patch for Enhanced Skin Permeation

“…The permeation is sustainably enhanced for formulations with an optimum concentration of Span 60 due to its increased wettability, drug distribution and ability to lower the surface tension [88]. The natural oil, soya lecithin provides an improved penetration effect by increasing its permeability into the carrier vesicles and thereby decreasing the resistance of molecules by enhancing the fluidity [89][90]. The flux values of optimised formulations reported the drug penetrated during each hour per square centimeter and established a relation between an amount of drug released and swelling of patch [91].…”