Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum armatum leaves as a function of growing conditions

Abstract

Variation in the composition of leaf essential oils of Zanthoxylum armatum in relation to altitude and soil chemistry was analyzed in Nepal. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and the components were analyzed through GC-MS. The results showed that: Yield of the essential oil obtained from the hydro-distillation of dried leaves ranged from 0.16% to 0.50%. GC-MS analysis revealed total of 17 compounds in the essential oil from the dried leaves of Z. armatum from different altitudes and populations (wild and cultivated). The three major components, linalool, limonene and undecan-2-one, present in higher proportion in all the samples were analyzed. Other components tridecan-2-one, myrcene, cinnamate(E)-methyl and alpha-bergamotene were also identified in most of the samples but in lower proportions. The highest number of components (12) was identified from the wild samples collected from 1990 m and the lowest number (7) was from 1060 m (wild) and 2030 m (cultivated populations). Linalool, a major component was found in higher amount (64.88%) at the lowest altitude of 1060 m. Results of the present study showed that the altitude, soil chemistry, and growing conditions significantly affect the essential oil components in Zanthoxylum armatum.

Aromatic Profile Variation of Essential Oil from Dried Makwhaen Fruit and Related Species

“…The variations due to growing locations of aromatic crops were fully described in chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L.) [ 30 ], Satureja kitaibelii [ 31 ] and Myrsine leuconeura [ 32 ]. In the Zanthoxylum spp., plants growing at different altitudes yielded essential oil with alternating principal volatiles (limonene, sabinene, and linalool) viz., Z. armatum [ 3 , 33 , 34 ] and Z . alatum [ 35 ].…”

“…piperitum [ 2 ], Z . armatum [ 3 ], Z . fagara [ 4 ], and the essential oils extracted from the fruits and leaves are used as food additives and functional ingredients in food and pharmaceutical industries.…”

The Ethnobotany and Ethnomedicine of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium in Lake Toba, North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Various efforts have been conducted to explore local wisdom in natural ingredients utilization as a source of food, preservation and herbal medicine (Ali et al, 2015). However, these efforts face various challenges, including lack of information and mastery of propagation techniques or pre-processing of plant parts in the form of essential oils (Phuyal et al 2019). Many potential herbal plant including andaliman species face of failure in mass propagation and obstrucs their productivity development.…”

Effect of Genotypic and Phenotypic Variations on Essential Oil Aromatic Profiles of Makwhaen Fruits

“…The variations due to growing locations of aromatic crops were fully descriebd in chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) [34], Satureja kitaibelii [35] and Myrsine leuconeura [36]. In the Zanthoxylum spp., plants growing in altitude areas could affect important compositions (limonene, sabinene and linalool) viz., Z. armatum [3,[37][38] and Z. alatum [39]. It is apparent that plants used in this experiment were grown at different altitude.…”